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Fluidic amplifier, showing flow in both states.
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Fluidic and .
Fluidic space is a continuum filled with an organic fluid.
Fluidic space has no stars, planets or nebulae.
The shape of the ICs and the corresponding holes are such that the ICs fall into place and self-align, hence the term Fluidic Self Assembly.
Now being researched, Fluidic Thrust Vectoring ( FTV ) method diverts thrust via secondary fluidic injections.
Fluidics, or Fluidic logic, is the use of a fluid to perform analog or digital operations similar to those performed with electronics.
Fluidic amplifiers typically have bandwidths in the low kilohertz range, so systems built from them are quite slow compared to electronic devices.
Fluidic triodes were used as the final stage in the main Public Address system at the 1964 New York World's Fair.
The Fluidic Triode was invented in 1962 by Murray O. Meetze, Jr., a high school student in Heath Springs, S. C.
Fluidic components appear in some hydraulic and pneumatic systems, including some automotive automatic transmissions.
Fluidic injection is being researched for use in aircraft to control direction, in two ways: circulation control and thrust vectoring.
amplifier and showing
Early developments of the integrated circuit go back to 1949, when the German engineer Werner Jacobi ( Siemens AG ) filed a patent for an integrated-circuit-like semiconductor amplifying device showing five transistors on a common substrate in a 2-stage amplifier arrangement.
Symbol depicting an inverting Schmitt trigger by showing an inverted hysteresis curve inside a buffer amplifier | buffer.
Shiva amplifier chains showing spatial filter tubes ( white ) and Nd: glass amplifier structures ( short blue tubes closest to camera ).
amplifier and flow
Other types exist ; a fluidic amplifier increases the power of signals represented as flow of gas or liquid, for example.
It was realized that if there were some way to control the flow of the electrons from the emitter to the collector of this newly discovered diode, an amplifier could be built.
Later cars had the ignition amplifier moved away from the engine where it could get air flow for cooling.
amplifier and both
Many devices now sold as Hall effect sensors in fact contain both the sensor as described above plus a high gain integrated circuit ( IC ) amplifier in a single package.
In a triode radio-frequency ( RF ) amplifier, if both the plate ( anode ) and grid are connected to resonant circuits tuned to the same frequency, stray capacitive coupling between the grid and the plate will cause the amplifier to go into oscillation if the stage gain is much more than unity.
Various configurations of single transistor amplifier are possible, with some providing current gain, some voltage gain, and some both.
ASE is emitted by the amplifier in both the forward and reverse directions, but only the forward ASE is a direct concern to system performance since that noise will co-propagate with the signal to the receiver where it degrades system performance.
Stray capacitance is often encountered in amplifier circuits in the form of " feedthrough " capacitance that interconnects the input and output nodes ( both defined relative to a common ground ).
The open-loop gain A < sub > OL </ sub > in general may be a function of both frequency and voltage ; the feedback parameter β is determined by the feedback network that is connected around the amplifier.
Since the ear is most sensitive to the middle frequencies produced by a midrange the driver and amplifier can both be low power, while still delivering what is perceived to be good sound both in terms of volume and quality.
Good woofer design requires effectively converting a low frequency amplifier signal to mechanical air movement with high fidelity and acceptable efficiency, and is both assisted and complicated by the necessity of using a loudspeaker enclosure to couple the cone motion to the air.
If carefully done, this can improve performance ( both in ' tightness ', and extension of low frequency performance ) considerably at the expense of flexibility ( the amplifier and the speaker are tied together permanently ) and cost.
Because it can be difficult to hear an acoustic bass guitar without an amplifier, even in settings with other acoustic instruments, most acoustic basses have pickups, either magnetic or piezoelectric or both, so that they can be amplified with a bass amp.
In practice, however, tube amplifier designs typically " couple " stages either capacitively, limiting bandwidth at the low end, or inductively with transformers, limiting the bandwidth at both ends.
The common-mode rejection ratio ( CMRR ), usually defined as the ratio between differential-mode gain and common-mode gain, indicates the ability of the amplifier to accurately cancel voltages that are common to both inputs.
The last new entry in the tribes generation was the HX-30 transmitter and HA-20 linear amplifier, both capable of SSB operation on the six meter ( 50 MHz ) band.
Similarly, testing an amplifier at a single mid-range frequency, or testing just one channel of a two-channel amplifier, will yield a higher rating than if it is tested throughout its intended frequency range with both channels working.
For instance, the Federal Trade Commission ( FTC ) established an amplifier rating system in which the device is tested with both channels driven throughout its advertised frequency range, at no more than its published distortion level.
* As front end low noise amplifier of microwave receivers in both military radar devices and communication http :// www. apl. jhu. edu / Notes / Penn / projects / LNABrianM. pdf
In 1939, as war in Europe broke out, the model 12 Speech Input Console as well as the 26C limiter amplifier was licensed to Canadian Marconi Co. as the C12H and C26C respectively for both sales in Canada ( for the new Canadian Radio Network ) and Her Majesties Service for the war effort.
Satriani was looking for an amplifier that was customized to his style, that had every feature he required, and would work in both live and studio applications.
This may require an increase in bandwidth in both the amplifier and radio antenna if they are too narrowband to pass the wider signal, meaning one or both would have to be replaced.
They are both played through a Fender Blues DeVille valve amplifier.
amplifier and .
One of the most desirable solutions is achieved by the use of a non-linear amplifier for Af.
The amplifier is designed so that its gain is large for accelerometer signals above a certain threshold level.
Below this level, the amplifier gain Af is proportional and is of small value, in order to provide adequate noise filtering.
When the system is on automatic leveling, the gyro drift is canceled by the output of the leveling system ( amplifier Af ).
In brief, the human replaces amplifier Af in Figs. 7-1 and 7-2.
I put a small electric amplifier against the wall on the side I wanted to case.
Each gate consisted of one inverting vacuum tube amplifier, preceded by a resistor divider input network that defined the logical function.
The output of the preamplifier then goes to a separate amplifier system similar to that for an electric guitar.
The signal amplifier ( from the microvolt range to fractions of a volt ) performs amplification to the IF stages.
This noise can be avoided by modulation of the signal at a higher frequency, for example through the use of a lock-in amplifier.
Another feature to make LS AAS element-specific is modulation of the primary radiation and the use of a selective amplifier that is tuned to the same modulation frequency, as already postulated by Alan Walsh.
An amplifier is a device for increasing the power of a signal by use of an external energy source.
In an electronic amplifier, the input " signal " is usually a voltage or a current.
Ideally an amplifier increases the power of a signal without otherwise altering it ; practical amplifiers have finite distortion and noise which they invariably add to the signal.
The quality of an amplifier can be characterized by a number of specifications, listed below.
The gain of an amplifier is the ratio of output to input power or amplitude, and is usually measured in decibels.
If two equivalent amplifiers are being compared, the amplifier with higher gain settings would be more sensitive as it would take less input signal to produce a given amount of power.
In ultra high fidelity amplifier design, the amp's frequency response should extend considerably beyond this ( one or more octaves either side ) and might have points < 10 Hz and >.
Doherty designs, which use a second output stage as a " peak " amplifier, can lift efficiency from the typical 15 % up to 30-35 % in a narrow bandwidth.
Envelope Tracking designs are able to achieve efficiencies of up to 60 %, by modulating the supply voltage to the amplifier in line with the envelope of the signal.
An ideal amplifier would be a totally linear device, but real amplifiers are only linear within limits.
When the signal drive to the amplifier is increased, the output also increases until a point is reached where some part of the amplifier becomes saturated and cannot produce any more output ; this is called clipping, and results in distortion.
In most amplifiers a reduction in gain takes place before hard clipping occurs ; the result is a compression effect, which ( if the amplifier is an audio amplifier ) sounds much less unpleasant to the ear.
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