Raven ( 2000 ) found that, as Flynn suggested, data interpreted as showing a decrease in many abilities with increasing age must be re-interpreted as showing that there has been a dramatic increase of these abilities with date of birth.

Flynn has later changed his arguments as noted in the next section.

The Flynn effect has been too rapid for genetic selection to be the cause.

An increase only of particular form ( s ) of intelligence would explain why the Flynn effect has not caused a " cultural renaissance too great to be overlooked.

Citing a high correlation between rising literacy rates and gains in IQ, David Marks has argued that the Flynn effect is caused by changes in literacy rates.

On the other hand, Flynn has pointed to 20-point gains on Dutch military ( Raven's type ) IQ tests between 1952, 1962, 1972, and 1982.

Mingroni has proposed heterosis ( hybrid vigor associated with historical reductions of the levels of inbreeding ) as an alternative explanation of the Flynn effect as it pertains to increases of g.

Nevin has argued that much of the Flynn effect can be explained by the slow phase out of lead paint and then leaded gasoline, reducing harm due to prenatal and early childhood lead exposure.

They estimate that there has been a dysgenic decline in the world's genotypic IQ ( masked by the Flynn effect for the phenotype ) of 0. 86 IQ points for the years 1950 – 2000.

If the Flynn effect has ended in developed nations, then this may possibly allow national differences in IQ scores to diminish if the Flynn effect continues in nations with lower average national IQs.

Also, if the Flynn effect has ended for the majority in developed nations, it may still continue for minorities, especially for groups like immigrants where many may have received poor nutrition during early childhood or have had other disadvantages.

The Flynn effect has also been part of the discussions regarding Spearman's hypothesis, which states that differences in the g factor are the major source of differences between blacks and whites observed in many studies of race and intelligence.

Flynn has written seven books.

Nolan Cook, a prominent collaborator with the group in both their live and studio work ( as well as being a live member of I Am Spoonbender ), denied in an interview that Fox and Flynn are the Residents, saying that he has come across such rumors, and they are completely false.

Gabriel also has two sons with Meabh Flynn: Isaac Ralph ( born 27 September 2001 ) and Luc ( born 5 July 2008 ).

The city also has one middle school, Brittany Woods Middle School, and four elementary schools: Flynn Park, Barbara C. Jordan, Pershing and Jackson Park.

* Edward A. Flynn ( born c. 1948 ), law enforcement official who has been Chief of the Milwaukee Police Department.

She also has an impressive stage résumé, including playing the title character in the Broadway musical Maggie Flynn in 1968.

" Flynn has since noted that King has " finally squashed the beef.

In the article, Flynn argued that he never intended for his suggestion to be taken seriously, as he only said this to illustrate a particular point .< ref >

De Havilland and Errol Flynn were known as one of Hollywood's most exciting on-screen couples, appearing in eight films together, but contrary to rumours, were never linked romantically.

Other regulars included the milkwoman ( Barbara Flynn ) with whom Granville had a romantic fling ; Mavis ( Maggie Ollerenshaw ) a young woman who can never make up her mind what to buy ; Mrs Blewett ( Kathy Staff ), with a critical word for everyone ; and Mrs Featherstone ( Stephanie Cole ), nicknamed " The Black Widow ", a sour-faced, miserly hag who admires Arkwright for being likewise and shows a degree of romantic interest in him.

Flynn lost the 1897 election, and the Conservatives never held power in Quebec again.

Although Damita spent an enormous amount of money searching for her son, he was never found, and in 1984 Sean Leslie Flynn was declared legally dead.

* Coop's Mom ( Miriam Flynn ): She never appears on screen, but in several episodes she can be heard yelling at Coop, usually asking what he wants to eat or to pay a bill.

Armfield bought in players such as Tony Currie and Brian Flynn, and under his stewardship Leeds never finished outside of the top ten, qualified for the UEFA Cup, and reached the semi-finals of the FA Cup in 1976 – 77 and the League Cup in 1977 – 78.

Flynn claims that Grandison is filled with sexual passions that never come to light, and he represents a perfect moral character in regards to respecting others.

Flynn was arrested ten times during this period, but was never convicted of any criminal activity.

RTÉ journalist Charlie Bird claimed in a report that while an employee of National Irish Bank Flynn had assisted clients of the bank in evading tax by funnelling undeclared income to Clerical Medical schemes based in the Isle of Man.

The Flynn effect is the name given to a substantial and long-sustained increase in intelligence test scores measured in many parts of the world.

There are numerous proposed explanations of the Flynn effect, as well as some skepticism about its implications.

Recent research suggests that the Flynn effect may have ended in at least a few developed nations, possibly allowing national differences in IQ scores to diminish if the Flynn effect continues in nations with lower average national IQs.

The Flynn effect is named for James R. Flynn, who did much to document it and promote awareness of its implications.

Some studies have found the gains of the Flynn effect to be particularly concentrated at the lower end of the distribution.

Comparison of the IQ distributions indicated that the mean IQ-scores on the test had increased by 9. 7 points ( the Flynn effect ), the gains were concentrated in the lower half of the distribution and negligible in the top half, and the gains gradually decreased as the IQ of the individuals increased.

Some studies have found a reverse Flynn effect with declining scores for those with high IQ.

Researchers have shown that the IQ gains described by the Flynn effect are due in part to increasing intelligence, and in part to increases in test specific skills.

The Flynn effect can be explained by a generally more stimulating environment for all people.

Richard Lynn makes the case for nutrition, arguing that cultural factors cannot typically explain the Flynn effect because its gains are observed even at infant and preschool levels, with rates of IQ test score increase about equal to those of school students and adults.

and most of the other factors that have been proposed to explain the Flynn effect.

Possibly related to the Flynn effect is a similar change of skull size and shape during the last 150 years.

Eppig, Fincher, and Thornhill ( 2009 ) argue that " From an energetics standpoint, a developing human will have difficulty building a brain and fighting off infectious diseases at the same time, as both are very metabolically costly tasks " and that " the Flynn effect may be caused in part by the decrease in the intensity of infectious diseases as nations develop.

The author suggests that this may be one explanation for the Flynn effect and that this may be an important explanation for the link between national malaria burden and economic development.

A 2003 study looking at the Flynn effect in Kenya between 1984 and 1998 found that the increase was best explained by parents ' literacy, family structure, and children's nutrition and health.

IQ tests need to be adjusted to account for the Flynn effect.