For a two-dimensional array, the element with indices i, j would have address B + c · i + d · j, where the coefficients c and d are the row and column address increments, respectively.

For example, a similar geometric system was published in 1987 by Kjell Gustafson, whose method represents a rhythm as a two-dimensional graph.

For convenience, pixels are normally arranged in a regular two-dimensional grid.

For example, Girih tiles in a medieval Islamic mosque in Isfahan, Iran, are arranged in a two-dimensional quasicrystalline pattern.

For example, the surface of the Earth is ( ideally ) a two-dimensional sphere, and latitude and longitude provide two-dimensional coordinates on it ( except at the poles and along the 180th meridian ).

For a two-dimensional situation with horizontal and vertical forces, the sum of the forces requirement is two equations: ΣH

For a simple visual explanation of a wormhole, consider spacetime visualized as a two-dimensional ( 2D ) surface.

For two-dimensional signals, e. g., images, the spectrum is reciprocal to f < sup > 2 </ sup >.

For two-dimensional rotational motion, Newton's second law can be adapted to describe the relation between torque and angular acceleration:

For example, is a meromorphic function on the two-dimensional complex affine space.

For a two-dimensional surface, the Bianchi identities imply that the Riemann tensor can be expressed as

For example, atmospheric cyclones are rotational but their substantially two-dimensional shapes do not allow vortex generation and so are not turbulent.

For example, the ordinary generating function of a two-dimensional array a < sub > m, n </ sub > ( where n and m are natural numbers ) is

For instance, a "< big > b </ big >" and a "< big > d </ big >" have a different shape, at least when they are constrained to move within a two-dimensional space like the page on which they are written.

For example, in the two-dimensional case, the normal line to a curve at a given point is the line perpendicular to the tangent line to the curve at the point.

For convex two-dimensional shapes, the centroid can be found by balancing the shape on a smaller shape, such as the top of a narrow cylinder.

For example, a monatomic gas with a fixed number of particles is a simple case of a two-dimensional system ().

For instance, in the BF model, the spacetime is a two-dimensional manifold M, the observables are constructed from a two-form F, an auxiliary scalar B, and their derivatives.

For a two-dimensional analysis a plane stress or a plane strain condition can be assumed.

For example, Kahane uses Cantor sets to construct a Besicovitch set of measure zero in the two-dimensional plane.

For such models, economists often use two-dimensional graphs instead of functions.

For example, a two-dimensional real torus has a SL ( 2, Z ) group of large diffeomorphisms by which the one-cycles of the torus are transformed into their integer linear combinations.

For the graph of a two-dimensional function, this corresponds to a point on the graph where the tangent plane is parallel to the xy plane.

For each mass flow rate the arc voltage was measured.

For the low-temperature measurements the sample was cooled by a cold nitrogen gas flow method similar to that of Andrew and Eades.

For most acoustics problems we assume that the flow is irrotational, that is, the vorticity is zero.

For example, while the behavior of hypersonic flow is understood, building a scramjet aircraft to fly at hypersonic speeds has seen very limited success.

For flow through a tube with one inlet ( state 1 ) and exit ( state 2 ) as shown in the figure in this section, the continuity equation may be written and solved as:

For instance, F could be expanded into an expression for the frictional force acting on an internal flow.

For higher speeds, the flow will compress more significantly as it comes into contact with surfaces and slows.

For a steady flow of charge through a surface, the current I ( in amperes ) can be calculated with the following equation:

For a net current to flow, more states for one direction than for the other direction must be occupied.

For example, Darwinism may be used to refer to Darwin's proposed mechanism of natural selection, in comparison to more recent mechanisms such as genetic drift and gene flow.

For a flow, the vector field Φ ( x ) is a linear function of the position in the phase space, that is,

For a flow, it will occur when there are eigenvalues on the imaginary axis.

For systems where the volume is preserved by the flow, Poincaré discovered the recurrence theorem: Assume the phase space has a finite Liouville volume and let F be a phase space volume-preserving map and A a subset of the phase space.

For electrical systems which use alternating current the electrodes are the connections from the circuitry to the object to be acted upon by the electric current but are not designated anode or cathode since the direction of flow of the electrons changes periodically, usually many times per second.

For fluids which are sufficiently dense to be a continuum, do not contain ionized species, and have velocities small in relation to the speed of light, the momentum equations for Newtonian fluids are the Navier-Stokes equations, which is a non-linear set of differential equations that describes the flow of a fluid whose stress depends linearly on velocity gradients and pressure.

For flow of gases, to determine whether to use compressible or incompressible fluid dynamics, the Mach number of the flow is to be evaluated.

For liquids, whether the incompressible assumption is valid depends on the fluid properties ( specifically the critical pressure and temperature of the fluid ) and the flow conditions ( how close to the critical pressure the actual flow pressure becomes ).

Direction of causal flow is upward. For a multivariate function, functional decomposition generally refers to a process of identifying a set of functions such that

" For a related issue regarding trade execution, see payment for order flow.

For stationary and shaft engines including propeller engines, fuel consumption is measured by calculating the brake specific fuel consumption, which measures the mass flow rate of fuel consumption divided by the power produced.

For example, if a liquid or gas contains ions, then the ions can be made to flow as an electric current, and the material is a conductor.

For example, most network cards implement transmit and receive ring buffers, interrupt rate limiting, and hardware flow control.

For instance, an LC may flow like a liquid, but its molecules may be oriented in a crystal-like way.