For outdoor signs and displays, acrylic, with its outstanding optical characteristics, weather resistance and formability, strongly dominates the picture.

For the further discussion, we shall thus assume an electron optical resolution of 80 Af and phosphor screen resolution of 60 Af.

For general computer use access technology such as screen readers, screen magnifiers and refreshable Braille displays has been widely taken up along with standalone reading aids that integrate a scanner, optical character recognition ( OCR ) software, and speech software in a single machine.

For example, the SEA-ME-WE 3 optical submarine telecommunications cable lands at both Medan and Jakarta connecting Europe with South eastern Asia ( several countries up to Japan ) and Australia ( Perth ).

For real, passive, optical systems, the output luminance is at most equal to the input.

For similar reasons, a bodyguard with a holster-carried, concealed weapon is typically not able to mount accessories onto the weapon, such as optical sights or forward handgrips.

For example, the Giant Magellan Telescope will have seven 8. 4 meter primary mirrors, with the resolving power equivalent to a optical aperture.

For example, the stability of bulk matter ( which consists of atoms and molecules which would quickly collapse under electric forces alone ), the rigidity of solids, and the mechanical, thermal, chemical, optical and magnetic properties of matter are all results of the interaction of electric charges under the rules of quantum mechanics.

For optical applications, this is characterized by the index of refraction.

For many materials ( for instance, semiconductors ), electrons move quickly from a high energy level to a meta-stable level via small nonradiative transitions and then make the final move down to the bottom level via an optical or radiative transition.

For example, the term subwavelength-diameter optical fibre means an optical fibre whose diameter is less than the wavelength of light propagating through it.

For planetary rings, the optical depth is the proportion of light blocked by the ring when it lies between the source and the observer.

* For an optical cavity consisting of two mirrors, confocal means that they share their foci.

For the optical regime, see beam divergence.

For a single-mode optical fiber, the cutoff wavelength is the wavelength at which the normalized frequency is approximately equal to 2. 405.

For both families, the lowest-order solution describes a Gaussian beam, while higher-order solutions describe higher-order transverse modes in an optical resonator.

: Note: For optical fiber dispersion measurement purposes, the quantity of interest is group delay per unit length, which is the reciprocal of the group velocity of a particular mode.

For a Gaussian intensity ( i. e. power density, W / m < sup > 2 </ sup >) distribution in a single-mode optical fiber, the mode field diameter is that at which the electric and magnetic field strengths are reduced to 1 / e of their maximum values, i. e., the diameter at which power density is reduced to 1 / e < sup > 2 </ sup > of the maximum power density, because the power density is proportional to the square of the field strength.

For an optical fiber, the optical axis is along the center of the fiber core, and is also known as the fiber axis.

For example, using a long pulse length, it may possible to measure attenuation over a distance of more than 100 km, however in this case an optical event may appear to be over 1 km long.

For optical fibers, a power-law index profile is an index of refraction profile characterized by

For an optical fiber or waveguide, a radiation mode or unbound mode is a mode which is not confined by the fiber core.

For the same reason, the output fiber plate is planoconcave, its exposed flat side permitting contact photography if a permanent record is desired.

For phosphor to fiber and fiber to air surfaces, and assuming Af, we obtain Af percent.

For instance, nanotubes form only a tiny portion of the material ( s ) in ( primarily carbon fiber ) baseball bats, golf clubs, or car parts.

For example, the fibers in carbon fiber materials and rebars in reinforced concrete are oriented to withstand tension.

For this migration, ISDN services will be retired, and fiber optic services are recommended as an alternative.

For example, both PNGinc and International Turbine And Power, LLC use carbon fiber discs in their Tesla turbine designs.

For these purposes, manufactured rubber fiber is made as either an extruded round fiber or rectangular fibers that are cut into strips from extruded film.

For step index fiber, light entering the fiber will be guided if it falls within the acceptance cone of the fiber, that is if it makes an angle with the fiber axis that is less than the acceptance angle,

For step-index multimode fiber, the acceptance angle is determined only by the indices of refraction of the core and the cladding:

For example, sending ones and zeros across a wire, fiber, etc.

For plastic-clad silica ( PCS ) fibers, which have a strippable polymer cladding ( not to be confused with the polymer overcoat of an all-silica fiber ), the reference surface may be the core.

For example, effective mine barriers from Florida to Cuba and across the Yucatan Channel from Cuba to Mexico would remove all requirements for harbor defense, inshore patrol, convoy escort, shipping control, and mine defense for the entire Gulf of Mexico.

For example, emergent bacterial strains causing tuberculosis ( TB ) that are resistant to previously effective antibacterial treatments pose many therapeutic challenges.

For stars, in the absence of extensive observations at many wavelengths, it usually must be computed assuming an effective temperature.

For this reason, a low dose of a benzodiazepine is often used for several weeks when initiating SSRI / SNRI therapy in order to counteract the initial anxiety caused by the drugs until the therapeutic delay of the SSRI / SNRI is finished and the drug becomes effective.

* People: For an initiative to be effective, an organization must convince its staff that the new technology and workflows will benefit employees as well as clients.

For example, a one-time dose of fluconazole ( 150-mg tablet taken orally ) has been reported as being 90 % effective in treating a vaginal yeast infection.

For prevention to be effective, it is important that cases are reported to national health authorities.

For example, when awake, people are bombarded with mental activity which interferes with effective consolidation.

For effective utilization and handling it is desired that a data model is relatively simple and intuitive.

For instance, there is no instruction to load an arbitrary “ immediate ” value into an accumulator ( although memory reference instructions do encode such a value to form an effective address ).

For example, due to its large input resistance and low output resistance, it is effective as a buffer in common-drain ( source follower ) configuration.

For instance, out-group dehumanization is one effective means towards justifying the in-group ’ s actions.

For the most part, educating individuals about the nature of randomness has not proven effective in reducing or eliminating any manifestation of the gambler's fallacy.

For rockets, TSFC can be used, but typically other equivalent measures are traditionally used, such as specific impulse and effective exhaust velocity.

For businesses to create effective plans they need to focus upon the following key questions.

For these types of shared resources inter-team management processes ( e. g.: constraint resource scheduling ) must be provided to enable effective multi-team utilization.

For its part, the PLO used its new privileges to establish an effective " mini-state " in southern Lebanon, and to ramp up its attacks on settlements in northern Israel.

( For instance, in some elected monarchies only those of certain pedigrees are considered eligible, whereas many hereditary monarchies have legal requirements regarding the religion, age, gender, mental capacity, and other factors that act both as de facto elections and to create situations of rival claimants whose legitimacy is subject to effective election.

For instance, a major clause must display some structure that is the formal realization of a choice from the system of " voice ", i. e. it must be either " middle " or " effective ", where " effective " leads to the further choice of " operative " ( otherwise known as ' active ') or " receptive " ( otherwise known as " passive ").

For the United States to be legally responsible, it would have to be proved that that State had effective control of the operations in the course of which the alleged violations were committed.

For example, a camera that makes a 2048 × 1536 pixel image typically uses a few extra rows and columns of sensor elements and is commonly said to have " 3. 2 megapixels " or " 3. 3 megapixels ", depending on whether the number reported is the " effective " or the " total " pixel count ( as opposed to the 2048 × 1536 = 3, 145, 728 finished image pixels ).

For example, cases of tuberculosis that are resistant to traditionally effective treatments remain a cause of great concern to health professionals.

For Polybius, it was inconceivable that such an able and effective statesman could have had an immoral and unrestrained private life as described by Theopompus.

For specific problems effective theories may be written down which give qualitatively correct results in certain limits.