For outdoor signs and displays, acrylic, with its outstanding optical characteristics, weather resistance and formability, strongly dominates the picture.

For the further discussion, we shall thus assume an electron optical resolution of 80 Af and phosphor screen resolution of 60 Af.

For general computer use access technology such as screen readers, screen magnifiers and refreshable Braille displays has been widely taken up along with standalone reading aids that integrate a scanner, optical character recognition ( OCR ) software, and speech software in a single machine.

For example, the SEA-ME-WE 3 optical submarine telecommunications cable lands at both Medan and Jakarta connecting Europe with South eastern Asia ( several countries up to Japan ) and Australia ( Perth ).

For real, passive, optical systems, the output luminance is at most equal to the input.

For similar reasons, a bodyguard with a holster-carried, concealed weapon is typically not able to mount accessories onto the weapon, such as optical sights or forward handgrips.

For example, the Giant Magellan Telescope will have seven 8. 4 meter primary mirrors, with the resolving power equivalent to a optical aperture.

For example, the stability of bulk matter ( which consists of atoms and molecules which would quickly collapse under electric forces alone ), the rigidity of solids, and the mechanical, thermal, chemical, optical and magnetic properties of matter are all results of the interaction of electric charges under the rules of quantum mechanics.

For optical applications, this is characterized by the index of refraction.

For many materials ( for instance, semiconductors ), electrons move quickly from a high energy level to a meta-stable level via small nonradiative transitions and then make the final move down to the bottom level via an optical or radiative transition.

For example, the term subwavelength-diameter optical fibre means an optical fibre whose diameter is less than the wavelength of light propagating through it.

For planetary rings, the optical depth is the proportion of light blocked by the ring when it lies between the source and the observer.

* For an optical cavity consisting of two mirrors, confocal means that they share their foci.

For the optical regime, see beam divergence.

For a single-mode optical fiber, the cutoff wavelength is the wavelength at which the normalized frequency is approximately equal to 2. 405.

For an optical fiber, the effective mode volume is the square of the product of the diameter of the near-field pattern and the sine of the radiation angle of the far-field pattern.

For both families, the lowest-order solution describes a Gaussian beam, while higher-order solutions describe higher-order transverse modes in an optical resonator.

: Note: For optical fiber dispersion measurement purposes, the quantity of interest is group delay per unit length, which is the reciprocal of the group velocity of a particular mode.

For a Gaussian intensity ( i. e. power density, W / m < sup > 2 </ sup >) distribution in a single-mode optical fiber, the mode field diameter is that at which the electric and magnetic field strengths are reduced to 1 / e of their maximum values, i. e., the diameter at which power density is reduced to 1 / e < sup > 2 </ sup > of the maximum power density, because the power density is proportional to the square of the field strength.

For an optical fiber, the optical axis is along the center of the fiber core, and is also known as the fiber axis.

For example, using a long pulse length, it may possible to measure attenuation over a distance of more than 100 km, however in this case an optical event may appear to be over 1 km long.

For an optical fiber or waveguide, a radiation mode or unbound mode is a mode which is not confined by the fiber core.

For circular fibers in a closely packed hexagonal array, the packing efficiency is given by: Af where Af, and 0.906 is the ratio of the area of a circle to that of the circumscribed hexagon.

For the small diameter fibers now technically feasible and required for about 100 Af resolution, Af.

For example, there are slow-conducting unmyelinated C fibers and faster-conducting myelinated Aδ fibers.

For example, the fibers in carbon fiber materials and rebars in reinforced concrete are oriented to withstand tension.

For these purposes, manufactured rubber fiber is made as either an extruded round fiber or rectangular fibers that are cut into strips from extruded film.

For telecommunications-grade fibers, the reference surface is the outer surface of the cladding.

For plastic-clad silica ( PCS ) fibers, which have a strippable polymer cladding ( not to be confused with the polymer overcoat of an all-silica fiber ), the reference surface may be the core.

For these reasons, single-mode fibers can have a higher bandwidth than multi-mode fibers.

For example, fibers for clothing, wood for shelter and warmth.

For example, carbon fibers are commonly used in aluminum matrix to synthesize composites showing low density and high strength.

For wool garments, this is due to scales on the fibers which heat and agitation cause to stick together.

For clothing, spandex is usually mixed with cotton or polyester, and accounts for a small percentage of the final fabric, which therefore retains most of the look and feel of the other fibers.

For example, 200 tex for 3, 000 filaments of carbon fiber is three times as strong as 1, 000 carbon fibers, but is also three times as heavy.

For example, carbon fiber has much higher Young's modulus ( is much stiffer ) when force is loaded parallel to the fibers ( along the grain ).

For example, the hippies of the 60s often toted long hair ( sometimes in dread lock form ), sandals and inexpensive clothing made of natural fibers.

For every x in X, the fiber over x is a discrete subset of C. On every connected component of X, the fibers are homeomorphic.

For example, the olfactory nerve fibers are short and without myelin, but the optic nerve fibers are myelinated ( the olfactory and optic nerves are considered as a parts of the CNS, while other cranial nerves are a component of the PNS ).

For a gemstone to show this effect best it must be cut en cabochon, with the fibers or fibrous structures parallel to the base of the finished stone.

It is designed to support the picture of E ' above ' B, by allowing a homotopy taking place in B to be moved ' upstairs ' to E. For example, a covering map has a property of unique local lifting of paths to a given sheet ; the uniqueness is to do with the fact that the fibers of a covering map are discrete spaces.

For example, a square or equilateral-triangle core would also have two equal-speed polarization solutions for the fundamental mode ; such general shapes also arise in photonic-crystal fibers.

For example, there are slow-conducting unmyelinated C fibers and faster-conducting myelinated Aδ fibers.