For example, the most toxic insect, the harvester ant Pogonomyrmex, has two kinds of female and two kinds of male.

For example, an ant living on a sphere could measure the sum of the interior angles of a triangle and determine that it was greater than 180 degrees, implying that the space it inhabited had positive curvature.

For humans, this is a painful sting, a sensation similar to what one feels when burned by fire — hence the name fire ant — and the after effects of the sting can be deadly to sensitive individuals.

For example, ant colony optimization could be studied in this paradigm.

For instance, “ there is a dog on a log ” is a common answer which would earn the team one point, while “ I can step on an ant, but an uncle I can ’ t ” involves word play, a creative response that is worth 3 or 5 points.

For example, a hind leg of a grasshopper is still about 12. 4 times the size of a single ant and a great resource in itself.

For instance the ant Formica nitidiventris was only seen in open (≤ 15 % cover ) areas, while another ant, Dolichoderus plagiatus was only observed in areas with a dense canopy (≥ 76 % cover ).

For him, " probability " means a higher chance of occurring, and brings about a higher degree of subjective expectation in the viewer.

* For the frequentist a hypothesis is a proposition ( which must be either true or false ), so that the frequentist probability of a hypothesis is either one or zero.

For objectivists, probability objectively measures the plausibility of propositions, i. e. the probability of a proposition corresponds to a reasonable belief everyone ( even a " robot ") sharing the same knowledge should share in accordance with the rules of Bayesian statistics, which can be justified by requirements of rationality and consistency.

For subjectivists probability corresponds to a ' personal belief '.

For example, Hacking writes " And neither the Dutch book argument, nor any other in the personalist arsenal of proofs of the probability axioms, entails the dynamic assumption.

For example, the probability that an alpha particle striking a beryllium target will produce a neutron can be expressed as the equivalent cross section of beryllium for this type of reaction.

For example, in a system where there is no queuing, the GoS may be that no more than 1 call in 100 is blocked ( i. e., rejected ) due to all circuits being in use ( a GoS of 0. 01 ), which becomes the target probability of call blocking, P < sub > b </ sub >, when using the Erlang B formula.

For example, if one flips a fair coin 21 times, then the probability of 21 heads is 1 in 2, 097, 152 ( above ).

For most types of hashing functions the choice of the function depends strongly on the nature of the input data, and their probability distribution in the intended application.

For any information rate R < C and coding error ε > 0, for large enough N, there exists a code of length N and rate ≥ R and a decoding algorithm, such that the maximal probability of block error is ≤ ε ; that is, it is always possible to transmit with arbitrarily small block error.

For instance, if a particle is in a state | ψ ⟩, the probability of finding it in a region of volume d < sup > 3 </ sup > x surrounding some position x is

For example, consider a model which gives the probability density function of observable random variable X as a function of a parameter θ.

For example, the result of a significance test depends on the probability of a result as extreme or more extreme than the observation, and that probability may depend on the design of the experiment.

For a discrete probability function f ( y ), let y < sub > i </ sub >, i = 1 to n, be the points with non-zero probabilities indexed in increasing order ( y < sub > i </ sub > < y < sub > i + 1 </ sub >).

For a probability density function f ( x ) with the cumulative distribution function F ( x ), the Lorenz curve L ( F ( x )) is given by:

For a probability distribution, the mean is equal to the sum or integral over every possible value weighted by the probability of that value.

For example, naive Bayes and linear discriminant analysis are joint probability models, whereas logistic regression is a conditional probability model.

For the special case where is a joint probability distribution and the loss function is the negative log likelihood a risk minimization algorithm is said to perform generative training, because can be regarded as a generative model that explains how the data were generated.

For calling to have a positive expectation, Alice must believe the probability of her opponent having a weak hand is over 40 percent.

For example, seven shuffles of a new deck leaves an 81 % probability of winning New Age Solitaire where the probability is 50 % with a uniform random deck ( Mann, especially section 10 ).

For a few recent years, marmosets, tamarins, and lion tamarins were placed as a subfamily ( Callitrichinae ) in Cebidae, while moving other genera from Cebidae into the families Aotidae, Pitheciidae and Atelidae.

For example, in AC power lines, the waves of electromagnetic energy propagate through the space between the wires, moving from a source to a distant load, even though the electrons in the wires only move back and forth over a tiny distance.

For a time the Barkses lived in Goleta, California before returning to the Inland Empire by moving to Temecula.

For example, if we suppose at t = 0 the extension is a unit distance ( x = 1 ), and the particle is not moving ( dx / dt = 0 ).

For a given f-number, increasing the magnification, either by moving closer to the subject or using a lens of greater focal length, decreases the DOF ; decreasing magnification increases DOF.

For example, Doraemon is used as a promotional character by, by a moving company, and by Cocos, a restaurant chain.

For example, proposition I. 4, side-angle-side congruence of triangles, is proved by moving one of the two triangles so that one of its sides coincides with the other triangle's equal side, and then proving that the other sides coincide as well.

For example, a seated passenger in a moving airplane has zero kinetic energy relative to the airplane, but non-zero kinetic energy ( and higher total energy ) relative to the Earth.

For molecules of a liquid to evaporate, they must be located near the surface, be moving in the proper direction, and have sufficient kinetic energy to overcome liquid-phase intermolecular forces.

For the following years with his family, till he left for studies in Paris in 1525, Francis ' life in the Kingdom of Navarre, then partially occupied by Spain, was surrounded by a war that lasted over 18 years, ending with the Kingdom of Navarre being partitioned into two territories, and the King of Navarre and some loyalists abandoning the south and moving to the northern part of the Kingdom of Navarre ( currently France ).

For research purposes, a " group " has been defined as " a collection of individuals that are less than a kilometre apart and moving in the same general direction.

The red dot overtakes two green dots when moving from the left to the right of the figure. New waves seem to emerge at the back of a wave group, grow in amplitude until they are at the center of the group, and vanish at the wave group front. For surface gravity waves, the water particle velocities are much smaller than the phase velocity, in most cases.

For certain game genres there are even powers for traveling to other dimensions or moving faster than light.

For example, a tree could be stationary with respect to an observer on earth, however it will be viewed as moving along with planet Earth for an observer in space.

For high speed aircraft moving at transonic speeds the effects of incompressibility can't be neglected.

For example, a heavy truck moving fast has a large momentum — it takes a large and prolonged force to get the truck up to this speed, and it takes a large and prolonged force to bring it to a stop afterwards.

For example, if an apple is sitting in a glass elevator that is descending, an outside observer looking into the elevator sees the apple moving, so to that observer the apple has a nonzero momentum.

For example, in a web browser, the user could navigate to the previously viewed page by pressing the right pointing device button, moving the pointing device briefly to the left, then releasing the button.

For example, a stationary projector in the front would have projected an image of a church courtyard while a moving projector from behind would project the image of the phantom The Bleeding Nun, an image which came from the novel The Monk by Matthew Gregory Lewis.

For differential input signals, they vigorously change their instant resistances in opposite directions but the total resistance stays constant ( like a potentiometer with quickly moving slider ).

For example, air begins to absorb significantly around the 193 nm wavelength ; moving to sub-193 nm wavelengths would require installing vacuum pump and purge equipment on the lithography tools ( a significant challenge ).

For example, the earth is subject to local torque induced precession due to the gravity of the sun and moon acting upon the earth ’ s axis, but at the same time the solar system is moving around the galactic center.

The red dot overtakes two green dots when moving from the left to the right of the figure. New waves seem to emerge at the back of a wave group, grow in amplitude until they are at the center of the group, and vanish at the wave group front. For surface gravity waves, the water particle velocities are much smaller than the phase velocity, in most cases.

For example, a single electron in an unexcited atom is pictured classically as a particle moving in a circular trajectory around the atomic nucleus, whereas in quantum mechanics it is described by a static, spherically symmetric wavefunction surrounding the nucleus ( Fig.

For instance, a chess program designed to play in a tournament with a clock will need to decide on a move before a certain deadline or lose the game, and is therefore a real-time computation, but a chess program that is allowed to run indefinitely before moving is not.