* For a normal distribution, the arithmetic mean is equal to both the median and the mode, other measures of central tendency.

For example, as in pin and as in spin are allophones for the phoneme in the English language because they cannot distinguish words ( in fact, they occur in complementary distribution ).

For most players, many calls ( bids, doubles and redoubles, and sometimes even passes ) are not made with the intention that they become the final contract, but to describe the strength and distribution of the player's hand, so that the partnership can reach an informed conclusion on their best contract, and / or to obstruct the opponents ' bidding.

For example, the traditional common law rule through most of the 19th century was that a plaintiff could not recover for a defendant's negligent production or distribution of a harmful instrumentality unless the two were in privity of contract.

For every real number x, the cumulative distribution function of a real-valued random variable X is given by

For example, the Riemann hypothesis is a conjecture from number theory that ( amongst other things ) makes predictions about the distribution of prime numbers.

For example, if n samples are taken from a Cauchy distribution, one may calculate the sample mean as:

For certain types of point sets, such as a uniform random distribution, by intelligently picking the splitting lines the expected time can be reduced to O ( n log log n ) while still maintaining worst-case performance.

For example, J. B. Clark saw the co-ordinating function in production and distribution as being served by entrepreneurs ; Frank Knight introduced managers who co-ordinate using their own money ( financial capital ) and the financial capital of others.

For example, the illegal manufacture, distribution or possession of controlled substances may be a felony, although possession of small amounts may be only a misdemeanor.

For the next two years, Hoover worked 14-hour days from London, administering the distribution of over two million tons of food to nine million war victims.

For most types of hashing functions the choice of the function depends strongly on the nature of the input data, and their probability distribution in the intended application.

For instance, if we impose some requirements on a distribution f, we can attempt to translate these requirements in terms of the Fourier transform of f. The Paley – Wiener theorem is an example of this.

For a symmetric distribution ( where the median equals the midhinge, the average of the first and third quartiles ), half the IQR equals the median absolute deviation ( MAD ).

For some discussion of the subtleties of the Eötvös experiment, such as the local mass distribution around the experimental site ( including a quip about the mass of Eötvös himself ), see Franklin.

For easier distribution of large programs, multiple class files may be packaged together in a. jar file ( short for Java archive ).

For a probability density function f ( x ) with the cumulative distribution function F ( x ), the Lorenz curve L ( F ( x )) is given by:

For a cumulative distribution function F ( x ) with inverse x ( F ), the Lorenz curve L ( F ) is given by:

For a continuous charge distribution in motion, the Lorentz force equation becomes:

For some people, the obvious solution to this concern is to redefine the wage structure politically to achieve a socially preferable distribution of income.

For a probability distribution, the mean is equal to the sum or integral over every possible value weighted by the probability of that value.

For example, mainline churches, with their upper class congregations, " promote order, stability, and conservatism, and in so doing proved to be a powerful source of legitimation of the status quo and of existing disparities in the distribution of wealth and power " because much of the wealth of the church comes from the congregation.

For example, the Internet includes web sites, blogs, podcasts, and various other technologies built on top of the general distribution network.

For example, this map of Europe has been distorted to show population distribution, while the rough shape of the continent is still discernable.

For the special case where is a joint probability distribution and the loss function is the negative log likelihood a risk minimization algorithm is said to perform generative training, because can be regarded as a generative model that explains how the data were generated.

For example, transformers may need to be equipped with " volts per hertz " over-excitation relays to protect the transformer from overvoltage at higher than rated frequency.

For small power and signal transformers, in which currents are low and the potential difference between adjacent turns is small, the coils are often wound from enamelled magnet wire, such as Formvar wire.

For signal transformers, the windings may be arranged in a way to minimize leakage inductance and stray capacitance to improve high-frequency response.

For larger ladders, microwave oven transformers connected in series or utility pole transformers ( pole pigs ) run in reverse ( step-up ) are used.

For systems which need to operate over a wide frequency range such as a power amplifier operating over the range 1 MHz to 30 MHz in some solid state designs a series of wide band transformers wound on ferrite cores can be used.

For controlled saturation characteristics the magnetic amplifier employs core materials that have been designed to have a specific B-H curve shape that is highly rectangular, in contrast to the slowly-tapering B-H curve of softly saturating core materials that are often used in normal transformers.

For larger electrical installations, such as those with polyphase service, the neutral point is usually at the common connection on the secondary side of delta / wye connected transformers.

For larger loads, more than about 200 ampere of load, current transformers are used, so that the meter can be located other than in line with the service conductors.

For example, balanced two-phase power can be obtained from a three-phase network by using two specially constructed transformers, with taps at 50 % and 86. 6 % of the primary voltage.

For example, an electrical network may have a transmission network of 110 kV / 33 kV star / star transformers, with 33 kV / 11 kV delta / star for the high voltage distribution network.

For example, protection devices and revenue metering may use separate CTs to provide isolation between metering and protection circuits, and allows current transformers with different characteristics ( accuracy, overload performance ) to be used for the devices.

For voltages below 30 kV also pylon transformers are used.

For pole-mounted transformers this usually takes the form of a ' fused cutout '.

For example: A higher-voltage distribution level circuit may feed several lower-voltage distribution circuits, using step down transformers.

For large transformers with low winding resistance and high inductance, these inrush currents can last for several seconds until the transient has died away ( decay time proportional to ~ XL / R ) and the regular AC equilibrium is established.

For an overall power transmission system, this means that for a given amount of power, AC requires more expensive wire, insulators, and towers but less expensive equipment like transformers and switch gear on either end of the line.

For example, high permeability iron alloys used in transformers reach magnetic saturation at 1. 6-2. 2 teslas ( T ), whereas ferrites saturate at 0. 2-0. 5 T. Some amorphous alloys saturate at 1. 2-1. 3 T.