For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism or nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products which have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons ; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization ; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.

For positive J < sub > 0 </ sub > the thermodynamics of the Mattis spin glass corresponds in fact simply to a ferromagnet, just because these systems have no " frustration “ at all.

For thermodynamics and statistical thermodynamics to apply to a process in a body, it is necessary that the atomic mechanisms of the process fall into just two classes:

For example, classical thermodynamics is characterized by its study of materials that have equations of state or characteristic equations.

For example, classical thermodynamics can consider long-time-average rates of flows generated by continually repeated irreversible cyclic processes.

For generalized or extended thermodynamics, the definition of the quantity known as the entropy of a small local region is in terms beyond those of classical thermodynamics ; in particular, flow rates are admitted into the definition of the entropy of a small local region.

For a thermodynamic account of a process in terms of the entropies of small local regions, the definition of entropy should be such as to ensure that the second law of thermodynamics applies in each small local region.

For instance, the laws of thermodynamics are remarkably simple, even if the laws which govern the interactions between component particles are complex.

For a given thermodynamics process, in order to specify the extent of a particular process, one of the properties ratios ( listed under the column labeled " known ratio ") must be specified ( either directly or indirectly ).

For the thermodynamics of closed systems, the distinction between transfers of energy as work and as heat is central and is within the scope of the present article.

For this case, the first law of thermodynamics still holds, in the form that the internal energy is a function of state and the change of internal energy in a process is a function only of its initial and final states, as noted in the section below headed First law of thermodynamics for open systems.

For the first law of thermodynamics, the passage from the closed system view to an open system view is not trivial.

For this study in irreversible thermodynamics, he received the Rumford Medal in 1976, and in 1977, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

For more information see thermodynamics.

For example, in the analysis of the energy conversion efficiency of heat engines in thermodynamics, the product P may be the amount of useful work output, while the consumable C is the amount of high-temperature heat input.

For examples see component ( thermodynamics ).

For practical considerations in thermodynamics or engineering it is rarely necessary, nor convenient, to consider all energies belonging to the total intrinsic energy of a sample system, such as the energy given by the equivalence of mass.

For practical considerations in thermodynamics or engineering, it is rarely necessary, convenient, nor even possible, to consider all energies belonging to the total intrinsic energy of a sample system, such as the energy given by the equivalence of mass.

For a reversible process, the first law of thermodynamics gives the change in the system's internal energy:

For thermodynamics, it is considered that convection transports internal energy by bulk flow ; this is considered not to be transfer of heat as such.

For the occasion on which everyone already knows everyone else and the host wishes them to meet one or a few honored newcomers, then the `` open house '' system is advantageous because the honored guests are fixed connective points and the drifting guests make and break connections at the door.

For there is also the `` face of reality '' in the form of the individual's perceptions of his own abilities and interests, of the objective possibilities open to him, of the familial and other social pressures to which he is exposed.

Pope Pius the Sixth, at Rome, in April, 1778, wrote the following: `` The faithful should be excited to the reading of the Holy Scriptures: For these are the most abundant sources which ought to be left open to everyone, to draw from them purity of morals and of doctrine, to eradicate errors which are so widely disseminated in these corrupt times ''.

For example, the open interval ( 0, 1 ) does not have a least element: if x is in ( 0, 1 ), then so is x / 2, and x / 2 is always strictly smaller than x.

For example, the pelican, which was believed to tear open its breast to bring its young to life with its own blood, was a living representation of Jesus.

For instance, if a user is designing a Microsoft Windows desktop application, he / she might use the. NET Windows Forms library to design the desktop application and call its APIs like Form1. Close () and Form1. Show () to close or open the application and write the additional operations him / herself that it need to have.

For this reason, the Colombian economy is very open, relying on international trade and following the guidelines given by the international law.

For example, the real line equipped with the discrete topology is closed and bounded but not compact, as the collection of all singleton points of the space is an open cover which admits no finite subcover.

For any topological space X the ( Alexandroff ) one-point compactification αX of X is obtained by adding one extra point ∞ ( often called a point at infinity ) and defining the open sets of the new space to be the open sets of X together with the sets of the form G < font face =" Arial, Helvetica "> U </ font >

For example, in Superman ( 1978 ), Clark, unable to use a newer, open-kiosk pay phone ( and getting a nice laugh from the theater audience ), runs down the street and rips open his shirt to reveal his costume underneath.

For example, while burning an area of fairly thick forest and thus turning it into a more open, grassy environment might reduce the viability of a large browser ( an animal that eats leaves and shoots rather than grasses ), the reverse could also be true: removing the browsing animals ( by eating them, or by any other means ) within a few years produces a very thick undergrowth which, when a fire eventually starts through natural causes ( as fires tend to do every few hundred years ), burns with greater than usual ferocity.

For instance, in early Attic before c. 500 B. C., it was used also both for the long, open, and for the long close.

For example, one population of a species of tropical lizards ( Tropidurus hispidus ) has a flattened body relative to the main populations that live in open savanna.

For instance, when the rock is broken open, the phytoleim will often be attached to one part ( compression ), whereas the counterpart will just be an impression.

For instance, by assigning to every open set U the associative algebra of real-valued continuous functions on U, one obtains a presheaf of algebras on X.

For some reason, probably associated with local politics, he subsequently found himself unpopular in Halicarnassus and, sometime around 447 BC, he migrated to Periclean Athens, a city for whose people and democratic institutions he declares his open admiration ( V, 78 ) and where he came to know not just leading citizens such as the Alcmaeonids, a clan whose history features frequently in his writing, but also the local topography ( VI, 137 ; VIII, 52-5 ).

For instance one might " open the large door, then go west ", or " go to festeron ".

For admissions to the Engineering Faculty at the undergraduate level, students are admitted through the WBJEE, an entrance examination open to students from all over India.

For example, the distinction is made in the free / libre and open source software ( FLOSS ), free culture, open knowledge and libre knowledge communities.

For example, in Waltz or Foxtrot a good suggestion would be to end a measure in the open Promenade position, there would be no doubt as to the direction of the movement and which foot to use at the beginning of the next measure.

For example, the Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca is one of only two mosques in Morocco currently open to non-Muslims.

For example, animals undergo an " open " mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi such as Aspergillus nidulans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( yeast ) undergo a " closed " mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus.

For this reason, narcosis while diving in open water rarely develops into a serious problem as long as the divers are aware of its symptoms, and may ascend to manage it.