For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism or nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products which have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons ; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization ; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.

For positive J < sub > 0 </ sub > the thermodynamics of the Mattis spin glass corresponds in fact simply to a ferromagnet, just because these systems have no " frustration “ at all.

For thermodynamics and statistical thermodynamics to apply to a process in a body, it is necessary that the atomic mechanisms of the process fall into just two classes:

For example, classical thermodynamics is characterized by its study of materials that have equations of state or characteristic equations.

For example, classical thermodynamics can consider long-time-average rates of flows generated by continually repeated irreversible cyclic processes.

For generalized or extended thermodynamics, the definition of the quantity known as the entropy of a small local region is in terms beyond those of classical thermodynamics ; in particular, flow rates are admitted into the definition of the entropy of a small local region.

For a thermodynamic account of a process in terms of the entropies of small local regions, the definition of entropy should be such as to ensure that the second law of thermodynamics applies in each small local region.

For instance, the laws of thermodynamics are remarkably simple, even if the laws which govern the interactions between component particles are complex.

For a given thermodynamics process, in order to specify the extent of a particular process, one of the properties ratios ( listed under the column labeled " known ratio ") must be specified ( either directly or indirectly ).

For the thermodynamics of closed systems, the distinction between transfers of energy as work and as heat is central and is within the scope of the present article.

For the thermodynamics of open systems, such a distinction is beyond the scope of the present article, but some limited comments are made on it in the section below headed ' First law of thermodynamics for open systems '.

For this case, the first law of thermodynamics still holds, in the form that the internal energy is a function of state and the change of internal energy in a process is a function only of its initial and final states, as noted in the section below headed First law of thermodynamics for open systems.

For the first law of thermodynamics, the passage from the closed system view to an open system view is not trivial.

For this study in irreversible thermodynamics, he received the Rumford Medal in 1976, and in 1977, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

For more information see thermodynamics.

For example, in the analysis of the energy conversion efficiency of heat engines in thermodynamics, the product P may be the amount of useful work output, while the consumable C is the amount of high-temperature heat input.

For examples see component ( thermodynamics ).

For practical considerations in thermodynamics or engineering it is rarely necessary, nor convenient, to consider all energies belonging to the total intrinsic energy of a sample system, such as the energy given by the equivalence of mass.

For practical considerations in thermodynamics or engineering, it is rarely necessary, convenient, nor even possible, to consider all energies belonging to the total intrinsic energy of a sample system, such as the energy given by the equivalence of mass.

For a reversible process, the first law of thermodynamics gives the change in the system's internal energy:

For one thing, this is not a subject often discussed or analyzed.

For better or for worse, we all now live in welfare states, the organizing principle of which is collective responsibility for individual well-being.

For one thing, there is a natural belt of rock across the river bed ; ;

For the family is the simplest example of just such a unit, composed of people, which gives us both some immunity from, and a way of dealing with, other people.

Even so astute a commentator as Harold Clurman of The Nation has said that `` Waiting For Godot '' is `` the concentrate of the contemporary European mood of despair ''.

For one thing, the world that Beckett sees is already shattered.

Harold Clurman is right to say that `` Waiting For Godot '' is a reflection ( he calls it a distorted reflection ) `` of the impasse and disarray of Europe's present politics, ethic, and common way of life ''.

For the beatnik, like the hipster, is in opposition to a society that is based on the repression of the sex instinct.

For this reason, too, their language is more forthright and earthy.

For the present it is enough to note that in the grotesque figure of Jacoby, at the moment of his collapse, all these elements come together in prophetic parody.

For Plato, `` imitation '' is twice removed from reality, being a poor copy of physical appearance, which in itself is a poor copy of ideal essence.

For both Plato and Aristotle artistic mimesis, in contrast to the power of dialectic, is relatively incapable of expressing the character of fundamental reality.

For Hammer, nothing is forbidden.

For example, suppose a man wearing a $200 watch, driving a 1959 Rolls Royce, stops to ask a man on the sidewalk, `` What time is it ''??

For the occasion on which everyone already knows everyone else and the host wishes them to meet one or a few honored newcomers, then the `` open house '' system is advantageous because the honored guests are fixed connective points and the drifting guests make and break connections at the door.

For this change is not a change from one positive position to another, but a change from order and truth to disorder and negation.

For paradigmatic history `` breaks '' rather than unfolds precisely when the movement is from order to disorder, and not from one order to a new order.

For this love of the boy for his mother is a hopeless and forbidden love, doomed by its nature.

For innocence, of all the graces of the spirit, is I believe the one most to be prayed for.

For what we propose, however, a psychoanalyst is not necessary, even though one aim is to enable the reader to get beneath his own defenses -- his defenses of himself to himself.

For this purpose a degree of intellectual and emotional involvement is necessary ; ;