Formal recognition and commemoration of the Roma persecution by the Nazis is practically difficult due to the lack of significant collective memory and documentation of the Porajmos among the Roma, a consequence both of their oral traditions and their illiteracy, heightened by widespread poverty and discrimination that forces some Roma out of state schools.

* Formal methods and databases — applications of automated music identification and recognition, such as score following, automatic accompaniment, routing and filtering for music and music queries, query languages, standards and other metadata or protocols for music information handling and retrieval, multi-agent systems, distributed search )

Formal recognition would make Britain an enemy of the United States.

Formal recognition of their skills ( in England at least ) goes back to 1540, when the Fellowship of Surgeons ( who existed as a distinct profession, but still not " Doctors / Physicians " as they are thought of today ) merged with the Company of Barbers to form the Company of Barber-Surgeons.

Research topics span from theoretical computer science, such as Formal languages, Formal methods, or more mathematically-oriented topics such as Information theory, optimization, Complex system ... to application-driven topics like Bioinformatics, image and video compression, Handwriting recognition, Computer graphics, Medical imaging, Content-based image retrieval ...

* 2000: Formal recognition from the New York City Council for commitment to human rights, in particular efforts to stop the death penalty

* Commended by the County of Los Angeles, California, in a Formal Plaque in " Recognition of dedicated service to the affairs of the community and for the civic pride demonstrated by numerous contributions for the benefit of all the citizens of Los Angeles County and in recognition of numerous visits to Los Angeles, California, USA to deliver lectures and address forums in various universities, in different years, since the ' 70s, ' 80s, ' 90s and onwards to the 21st Century comprising the years 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007.

Formal support groups may appear to be a modern phenomenon, but they supplement traditional fraternal organizations such as Freemasonry in some respects, and may build on certain supportive functions ( formerly ) carried out in ( extended ) families.

* Formal verification, also model checking: Attempts to prove, by mathematical methods, that the system has certain desired properties, and that certain undesired effects ( such as deadlock ) cannot occur.

Formal methods of self-reflection generally involve certain basic characteristics.

Formal employment is government regulated and workers are insured a wage and certain rights.

Formal acknowledgement of this status was finally given legal force by the Statute of Westminster of 1931.

Formal and informal constitutional accusation against Menem-appointed Supreme Court justices between 2003 and 2005 allowed Kirchner to appoint new justices who are considered the among the best in the Argentine legal community.

Formal trading rights were introduced in 1614, and the city was incorporated through a royal charter in 1742.

Formal, and individual information and consultation rights have been a recent development, mostly deriving from EU law.

Formal commons rights were confirmed by statute in 1698.

Formal and discrete social divisions were consequently imposed upon ambiguous biological distinctions.

Formal and discrete social divisions were consequently imposed upon ambiguous biological distinctions.

* Formal logic and empirically verifiable data ought to be the foundation upon which any theory should rest.

* Formal groups are used to define an abstract group law using formal power series

The OPOJAZ, the Society for the Study of Poetic Language group, headed by Viktor Shklovsky was primarily concerned with the Formal method and focused on technique and device.

Formal studies of gusuku in the northern island group of Amami were started by Nakamatsu Yashū in the 1960s and 70s.

:: Lie groups → Formal group laws → Lie algebras

Formal group laws over a ring R are often constructed by writing down their logarithm as a power series with coefficients in R ⊗ Q, and then proving that the coefficients of the corresponding formal group over R ⊗ Q actually lie in R. When working in positive characteristic, one typically replaces R with a mixed characteristic ring that has a surjection to R, such as the ring W ( R ) of Witt vectors, and reduces to R at the end.

Formal groups and formal group laws can also be defined over arbitrary schemes, rather than just over commutative rings or fields, and families can be classified by maps from the base to a parametrizing object.

The Formal methods group has a very broad span of interests, ranging from developing the new mathematics of computational behaviour, to the study and development of system design and verification methods.

" Formal or informal ," Sarah Posner ( of the Jewish Week ) reports, " the ties between Aish HaTorah and the production of the films appear to date back to the launch of the media watchdog group Honest Reporting by the founder and former executive director of the Jerusalem Fund of Aish HaTorah, Irwin Katsof, in 2001.

Formal cooperative learning is structured, facilitated, and monitored by the educator over time and is used to achieve group goals in task work ( e. g. completing a unit ).

Formal flower arrangements were closely allied to the development of the Korean tea ceremony, and suggestions have been made that these were often corner-of-the-room arrangements on small tables using a central vessel with most often a small branch and a small group of local flowers.

Formal registration of the group will give the independents affiliated with the group, the advantage of being " above the line " on the Senate ticket, which in turn will maximise and greatly increase the likelihood of independent Senate candidates being elected.

The group liaises with other related groups such as the Centre for Software Reliability, Formal Methods Europe, the London Mathematical Society Computer Committee, the Safety-Critical Systems Club, and the Z User Group.

* Formal Method Europe group on LinkedIn

Formal grammars are codifications of usage that are developed by repeated documentation over time, and by observation as well.

Formal religion necessarily forms a central part of Cadfael's life as a Benedictine monk, and religion provides the basis for his character as well as for the atmosphere and action of the stories.

Formal European settlement began in 1664 with the purchase by the English from the Lenape of the Elizabethtown Tract, which encompassed lands from the mouth of the Raritan River and included all of present-day Union County as well as parts of Somerset, Middlesex, Morris and Essex counties.

Formal employee-testing is usually planned and announced well in advance, and may have titles, such as Levels Testing, Skills Evaluation, etc.

Formal institutions for the perpetuation of formal music exist in the state as well: Boston Conservatory, Longy School of Music, New England Conservatory, and Berklee College of Music.

* Formal theories of truth such as used in formal logic and mathematics, as well as Alfred Tarski's semantic theory of truth and Saul Kripke's theories of truth.

The Service and Formal Lobby levels both provide access to ground level exits, as well as the dining hall, Watterson Commons.

Formal differences between Peninsular and American Spanish are remarkably few, and someone who has learned the dialect of one area will have no difficulties using reasonably formal speech in the other ; however, pronunciation does vary, as well as grammar and vocabulary.

The Formal Garden is an elliptical flower garden ringed with American Holly ( Ilex opaca ), Eastern White Pine ( Pinus strobus ), Norway Spruce ( Picea abies ), Sawara Cypress ( Chamaecyparis pisifera ), Manitoba Maple ( Acer negundo ), Copper Beech ( Fagus sylvatica ), Common Horse-chestnut ( Aesculus hippocastanum ), and White Ash ( Fraxinus americana ), as well as rose mullein, white daisies, primroses, black-eyed susans, daylilies, purple veronica, balloon flowers, verbena, asters, chrysanthemums, and an assortment of annuals.

The Gardens include what is claimed to be the largest public hosta garden in the United States ( 13, 000 plants representing over 700 varieties ), as well as Annual and Perennial Gardens, several Children's gardens, an English Knot garden and Formal English Garden, Herb Garden, Cactus Garden, Iowa State and All American Test Gardens, Japanese garden designed by Hoichi Kurisu, and Rose Gardens.

Formal racial discrimination was largely banned in the mid-20th century, and came to be perceived as socially unacceptable and / or morally repugnant as well, yet racial politics remain a major phenomenon.

Formal proceedings began only in November 2004, and extended well into Beger's second term.

As well, the influences of Reginald Blomfield's The Formal Garden in England ( 1892 ) and gardens by Gertrude Jekyll illustrated in Country Life further refined Platt's style.