When the negotiations began, his quarrel with the king of France was temporarily in abeyance, and he had no intention of reviving it so long as there was hope that French money would come to pay the troops who, under Charles of Valois, the papal vicar of Tuscany, were so valuable in the crusade against the Colonna cardinals and their Sicilian allies.

In 1952, the European Coal and Steel Community was launched, placing the coal and steel production of France, West Germany, Italy and Benelux under a supranational High Authority.

Or, in the words of Anatole France, `` The law in its majestic equality must forbid the rich, as well as the poor, from begging in the streets and sleeping under bridges ''.

Henry, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, then took command of the troops of the league, and after Albert had been placed under the imperial ban in December 1553 he was defeated by Duke Henry, and compelled to flee to France.

During that time he took a great part in the campaigns and negotiations which led to the Treaty of Paris in 1259, under which King Henry III of England recognized his loss of continental territory to France ( including Normandy, Maine, Anjou, and Poitou ) in exchange for France withdrawing support from English rebels.

During the same period a movement with similar aims had also developed in France under the direction of Eugène Viollet-le-Duc a French architect and theorist, famous for his " restorations " of medieval buildings.

Fricktal, ceded in 1802 by Austria via Napoleonic France to the Helvetic Republic, was briefly a separate Swiss canton under a Statthalter (' Lieutenant '), but on 9 March 1803 was incorporated in the canton of Aargau.

On 15 December 1840, brought back to France from Saint Helena, Napoleon's remains passed under it on their way to the Emperor's final resting place at the Invalides.

Paoli sent him off on an expedition to Sardinia ordered by France under Paolis's nephew, but the nephew had secret orders from Paoli to make sure the expedition failed.

The letter stated her objections to Muslims in France ritually slaughtering sheep by slitting their throats without anesthetizing them first but also said, in reference to Muslims, that she was " fed up with being under the thumb of this population which is destroying us, destroying our country and imposing its habits ".

It was also the capital of an independent state under Edward, the Black Prince ( 1362 – 1372 ), but in the end, after the Battle of Castillon ( 1453 ) it was annexed by France which extended its territory.

William IV, Count of Nevers had promised the Christian bishops of Bethlehem that if Bethlehem should fall under Muslim control, he would welcome them in the small town of Clamecy in present-day Burgundy, France.

Villeneuve came under scathing attack on his return to France for his failure to support Brueys during the battle.

Making very powerful enemies such as Austria, United Kingdom, Russia and Prussia, as well as royalist ( particularly Bourbon ) restorational movements in France, Spain, the Two Sicilies and Sardinia, the dynasty eventually collapsed under its own weight.

It was formed in 1946, making it the second oldest formal flying aerobatic team ( flying under the same name ) in the world, after the French Patrouille de France formed in 1931.

Some mixed economies, such as France under dirigisme, also featured a degree of indirect economic planning over a largely capitalist-based economy.

It is an overseas possession of France under direct authority of the Minister of Overseas France.

In France the usage of centime goes back to the introduction of the decimal monetary system under Napoleon.

Although Louisbourg was captured by New Englanders with British naval assistance in 1745 and by the British again in 1758, Île Royale remained formally part of colonial France until it was ceded to Britain under the Treaty of Paris in 1763.

Christopher Soames, Britain's Ambassador to France during the government of Edward Heath and cabinet minister under Margaret Thatcher, remarked that " Mrs. Thatcher was not really running a team.

From 16 June 1940-1942 the colonial administration remained loyal to Vichy France ( from 1942, under Free French ), but 25 September 1942-13 October 1946 they were, like Madagascar, under British occupation.

The first explanation is that the ancestral game was introduced to Britain from France during the reign of Charles II of England, and was played under the name of paille-maille or pall mall, derived ultimately from Latin words for " ball and mallet ".

* 1802 – Napoleon Bonaparte signs a general amnesty to allow all but about one thousand of the most notorious émigrés of the French Revolution to return to France, as part of a reconciliary gesture with the factions of the Ancien Regime and to eventually consolidate his own rule.

In 790 he was named abbot of Centulum, also called Sancti Richarii monasterium ( Saint-Riquier ) in northern France, where his brilliant rule gained for him later the renown of a saint.

Between the years 1852 and 1870 there was a Second French Empire, again a member of the Bonaparte dynasty would rule ; Napoleon III of France the son of Louis Bonaparte.

The Carolingian dynasty ceased to rule France upon the death of Louis V. After the death of Louis V, the son of Hugh the Great, Hugh Capet, was elected by the nobility as king of France.

From its walls went forth men who carried his rule, together with the Gospel, into France, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy.

* Colonial history of the United States, the period of American history from the 17th century to 1776, under the rule of Great Britain, France and Spain

While in Italy the tendency was to give scale by increasing the number of panels, in France the contrary seems to have been the rule ; and one of the great doors at Fontainebleau, which is in two leaves, is entirely carried out as if consisting of one great panel only.

With the swift German advance and the capture of Emperor Napoleon III, France was no longer in a position to protect the Pope's rule in Rome.

The medieval Kingdom of France emerged out of the western part of Charlemagne's Carolingian Empire, known as West Francia, and achieved increasing prominence under the rule of the House of Capet, founded by Hugh Capet in 987.

His surviving charters imply he relied heavily on the Church to rule France, much like his father did.

Louis XIV, known as the " Sun King ", reigned over France from 1643 until 1715 although his strongest period of personal rule did not begin until 1661 after the death of his Italian chief minister Cardinal Mazarin.

By these means he consolidated a system of absolute monarchical rule in France that endured until the French Revolution.

* 987 – Hugh Capet is crowned King of France, the first of the Capetian dynasty that would rule France till the French Revolution in 1792.

* Louis Philippe, the last king to rule France, although Emperor Napoleon III would serve as its last monarch.

In expelling the Soviet Union, the League broke its own rule: only 7 of 15 members of the Council voted for expulsion ( Great Britain, France, Belgium, Bolivia, Egypt, South Africa, and the Dominican Republic ), short of the majority required by the Covenant.

A plebiscite was to be held after fifteen years of League rule to determine whether the province should belong to Germany or France.

Some French overseas colonies would be an exception: French rule in Algeria unsuccessfully treated the colony as a département of France.

France and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule in both Southern and Central Europe, became strong allies during this period.

St. Benedict delivering his rule to the monks of his order, Monastery of St. Gilles, Nimes, France, 1129

* 718: Moorish Islamic rule is at its widest, covering almost all of the Iberian Peninsula, the Pyrenees, and part of today's southern France.

France armed Saddam and it was Iraq's largest trade partner throughout Saddam's rule.

When the country under the fascist rule of Prime Minister Plaek Phibunsongkhram decided to invade a weakened France, under the Vichy regime ( after the Nazi occupation of Paris ) to return lost lands and settle disputed territories.

Generations of kings of France and Germany were unable to establish a firm rule over Lothair ’ s kingdom.