In French, the period only follows an abbreviation if the last letter in the abbreviation is not the last letter of its antecedent: " M ." is the abbreviation for " monsieur " while " Mme " is that for " madame ".

Francois Boucher was the 18th century painter and engraver whose works are regarded as the perfect expression of French taste in the Rococo period.

French examples from the same period include the memoirs of Cardinal de Retz ( 1614 – 1679 ) and the Duc de Saint-Simon 2001 / 2010.

Alexandrines are common in the German literature of the Baroque period and in French poetry of the early modern and modern periods.

During the same period a movement with similar aims had also developed in France under the direction of Eugène Viollet-le-Duc a French architect and theorist, famous for his " restorations " of medieval buildings.

Conversely the use of true brass seems to have declined in Western Europe during this period in favour of gunmetals and other mixed alloys but by the end of the first Millennium AD brass artefacts are found in Scandinavian graves in Scotland, brass was being used in the manufacture of coins in Northumbria and there is archaeological and historical evidence for the production of brass in Germany and The Low Countries areas rich in calamine ore which would remain important centres of brass making throughout the medieval period, especially Dinant – brass objects are still collectively known as dinanterie in French.

The revolutionary period saw the introduction of policies favouring French over the regional languages, pejoratively referred to as patois.

However other sources of the period, such as the writings of the French dancing-masters Feuillet and Lorin, indicate that steps more complicated than simple walking were used at least some of the time.

Note however, that the allemandes, that occur in these suites do not correspond to a French dance from the same period.

Other dance styles, such as the Italian and Spanish dances of the period are much less well studied than either English country dance or the French style.

The Trekboers, as they were originally known, were mainly of Dutch origin and included Calvinists, such as Flemish and Frisian Calvinists, as well as French Huguenot and German and British protestants who first arrived in the Cape of Good Hope during the period of its administration ( 1652 – 1795 ) by the Dutch East India Company ( Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC ).

A bain-marie (; also known as a water bath in English,,, or ) is a French term for a piece of equipment used in science, industry, and cooking to heat materials gently and gradually to fixed temperatures, or to keep materials warm over a period of time.

Throughout the colonial period, large areas of Chad were never governed effectively: in the huge BET Prefecture, the handful of French military administrators usually left the people alone, and in central Chad, French rule was only slightly more substantive.

At the end of the 17th century, English country dances were taken up by French dancers ; hybrid choreographies exist from this period using the steps from French court dance in English dances.

The three years of estrangement following the unilateral declaration of independence and the nationalistic Soilih regime were followed during the conservative Abdallah and Djohar regimes by a period of growing trade, aid, cultural, and defense links between the former colony and France, punctuated by frequent visits to Paris by the head of state and occasional visits by the French president to Moroni.

After Napoleon Bonaparte in November 1799 staged a coup against the Directory government, the French Republic adopted a constitution, which conferred executive powers upon three Consuls, elected for a period of ten years.

This group is often associated with the French New Wave directors who came to prominence during the same time period, and indeed both groups were often friends and journalistic co-workers.

The unease and self-deception that characterized that period of colonial history would be revisited in many forms at political and social moments of crisis ( such as the Salem witch trials, which coincided with frontier warfare and economic competition among Indians and French and other European settlers ) and during lengthy periods of cultural definition ( such as the American Renaissance of the late 18th-and early 19th-century literary, visual, and architectural movements, which sought to capitalize on unique American identities ).

The French period Ville Nouvelle ( New Town ) of Casablanca was designed by the French architect Henri Prost, and was a model of a new town at that time.

During this time period Acadians participated in various militia operations against the British and maintained vital supply lines to the French Fortress of Louisbourg and Fort Beausejour.

Most Arthurian romances of this period produced in English or Welsh did not follow this trend ; Camelot was referred to infrequently, and usually in translations from French.

* 1781 – American Revolutionary War: British and French ships clash in the Battle of Fort Royal off the coast of Martinique.

During the sixth and final colonial war, the French and Indian War, the military conflicts in Nova Scotia included: Battle of Fort Beauséjour ; Bay of Fundy Campaign ( 1755 ); the Battle of Petitcodiac ; the Raid on Lunenburg ( 1756 ); the Louisbourg Expedition ( 1757 ); Battle of Bloody Creek ( 1757 ); Siege of Louisbourg ( 1758 ), Petitcodiac River Campaign, Gulf of St. Lawrence Campaign ( 1758 ), St. John River Campaign, and Battle of Restigouche.

While he volunteered for militia service in 1757 in response to French movements resulting in the Siege of Fort William Henry, his unit received word while en route that the fort had fallen, and turned back.

In August 1689, a French fleet appeared near the coast of Ceylon compelling the Governor of Pulicat Lawrence Pitt who was on high seas to seek protection within the bastions of Fort St George.

Equally short-lived, but still very important, was the World Film Company, which recruited most of the French directors, cameramen, and designers who had previously been working at the Fort Lee, New Jersey studios for Pathé and Éclair.

Governor Dinwiddie sent Washington back to the Ohio Country to protect an Ohio Company group building a fort at present-day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania but before he reached the area, a French force drove out the company's crew and began construction of Fort Duquesne.

The French responded by attacking and capturing Washington at Fort Necessity in July 1754.

On 17 March 1649 a French expedition of 203 men from Martinique, led by Jacques Dyel du Parquet who had been the Governor of Martinique on behalf of the Compagnie des Iles de l ' Amerique ( Company of the Isles of America ) since 1637, landed at St. Georges Harbour and constructed a fortified settlement, which they named Fort Annunciation.

Between 1705 and 1710 the French built Fort Royal at St. George's which is now know as Fort George.

D ' Iberville's depleted French force captured York Factory by a ruse ; they laid siege to the fort while pretending to be a much larger army, the French held all of the outposts except Fort Albany until 1713.

( Fort Albany was again unsuccessfully attacked in 1709 by a small French and Indian force.

In 1782, during the American Revolutionary War, a French squadron under Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse captured and demolished York Factory and Prince of Wales Fort.

* 1759 – French and Indian War: in Western New York, British forces capture Fort Niagara from the French, who subsequently abandon Fort Rouillé.

* 1754 – French and Indian War: George Washington surrenders Fort Necessity to French forces.

* 1754 – French and Indian War: George Washington surrenders Fort Necessity to French Capt.

* 1758 – French forces hold Fort Carillon against the British at Ticonderoga, New York.

* 1755 – French and Indian War: the French surrender Fort Beauséjour to the British, leading to the expulsion of the Acadians.

During the French regime, two fur trading posts were established at the delta of the Kaministiquia, the first by Daniel Greysolon, sieur Dulhut ( 1684 / 85-1696 ) and a second one in 1717 by Zacharie Robutel de la Noue, both now usually referred to as ( Fort Kaministiquia )) because of the large number of variant spellings used during the French regime, such as Kamanistigouian, Camanistigoyan, Kaministigoyan, etc.

He subsequently established fur trading posts to further French interests at Lake Nipigon and Fort Caministigoyan at the mouth of the Kaministiquia River on Lake Superior, the site of the city of Thunder Bay, Ontario, probably 1684 / 85, not 1679 as many sources suggest, and at Fort St. Joseph ( Port Huron ) between Lake Erie and Huron, which was garrisoned with 50 men.

* Fort Kaministiquia was founded by French merchants to be the first in a series of forts reaching westward to expand trade and seek a route to the western sea.

* Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de La Vérendrye was appointed commandant of the French posts on the north shore of Lake Superior and stationed at Fort Kaministiquia

* Fort Kaministiquia, French and English post on Lake Superior