In computer simulations of cultural communities, beliefs were found to polarize within isolated sub-groups, based on the mistaken belief of the community's unhindered access to ground truth.

In July 2012, lensing observations were used to identify a " filament " of dark matter between two clusters of galaxies, as cosmological simulations have predicted.

American military simulations in the 1980s concluded a three to five-fold increase in artillery defence effectiveness when IFVs were deployed.

Although Harris did design Doom levels, they were not simulations of Columbine High School.

Blech simulations as well as the diffraction patterns were published in 1984 in a joint paper with Shechtman entitled “ The Microstructure of Rapidly Solidified Al6Mn ”, Metallurgical Transactions A, 16A ( 1984 ) 1005.

The results were strongly supported by Monte Carlo computer simulations.

CAD is also used for the accurate creation of photo simulations that are often required in the preparation of Environmental Impact Reports, in which computer-aided designs of intended buildings are superimposed into photographs of existing environments to represent what that locale will be like were the proposed facilities allowed to be built.

Other notable contributions by NCSA were the Black Hole simulations supporting the development of LIGO in 1992, the tracking of the Hale-Bopp Comet in 1997, and the creation of a PlayStation 2 Cluster in 2003.

First equilibrium folding simulations were done using implicit solvent model and Umbrella Sampling.

Other well-regarded games published were simulations of actual battles and campaigns, such as Midway, Afrika Korps, and The Battle of the Bulge.

SPI had generally specialized in wargames that were more complex and attempted to be more exacting simulations than what Avalon Hill published.

* Technology advanced to the point that sophisticated simulations were now readily available to learners, thus providing more authentic and realistic learning experiences.

Designed by Argentine architect César Pelli and Filipino-Malaysian Engineer Deejay Cerico under the consultancy of J. C. Guinto, and Filipino Designer Dominic " Minick " Saibo, the Petronas Towers were planning started on 1 January 1992 after rigorous tests and simulations of wind and structural loads on the design after seven years of construction and became the tallest buildings in the world, It was excavators began digging down 30 metres below the surface of the site on 1 March 1993.

Trench rescue simulations were also held near this prop.

A number of physics simulations were written by MetaMind Software and by Russian software firm Physicon ( OpenTeach ) as OpenDoc parts.

With the demise of OpenDoc, the simulations were rewritten as Java applets and are still available from the Center under the title of " The Constructing Physics Understanding ( CPU ) Project " by Dr. Fred Goldberg.

Multimedia CALL started with interactive laser videodiscs such as Montevidisco ( Schneider & Bennion 1984 ) and A la rencontre de Philippe ( Fuerstenberg 1993 ), both of which were simulations of situations where the learner played a key role.

The early adventure games and simulations led on to multi-user variants, which were known as MUDs ( Multi-user domains ).

* MD simulations were successfully applied to predict the molecular basis of the most common protein mutation N370S, causing Gaucher Disease.

Molecular dynamics simulations were used to probe the mechanisms of viral assembly.

Daisyworld simulations where environmental changes were stable gradually became less diverse over time ; in contrast gentle perturbations led to bursts of species richness.

Daisyworld simulations where environmental changes were stable gradually became less diverse over time ; in contrast gentle perturbations led to bursts of species richness.

Rigs of still cameras were set up in patterns determined by simulations, and then shot either simultaneously ( producing an effect similar to previous time-slice scenes ) or sequentially ( which added a temporal element to the effect ).

TUTOR programmers were able to build powerful scripted systems that included simulations and games.

Numerical modeling also provides new insights as observations and new discoveries are integrated into our physical understanding and then tested in computer simulations which validate new notions as well as produce entirely new theoretical findings, many of which are otherwise unattainable.

In addition, pre-term includes classes on business history and languages, as well as short seminars in communication skills, computing technology, trading simulations, and career management.

He created simulations of nuclear explosions for the purposes of scientific inquiry, as well as for improving the safety and reliability of the US nuclear arsenal.

In 2011, Folding @ home completed simulations of several mutations of Aβ that appear to stabilize the aggregate formation, which could aid in the development of therapeutic drug approaches to the disease as well as greatly assisting with experimental NMR spectroscopy studies of the oligomers.

as well as a source of editorial comment on the state of PC computer simulations and games.

Each flight consists of around 15 parabolas, including simulations of the gravity levels of the moon and Mars, as well as complete weightlessness.

This method is useful for preventing artifacts that arise from vacuum simulations and reproduces bulk solvent properties well, but cannot reproduce situations in which individual water molecules have interesting interactions with the molecules under study.

In this capacity his duties included communication with the Shuttle crew during simulations and actual missions, as well as working procedural problems and modifications between missions.

Eskom successfully used PLM ( PLATO learning management ) and simulations to train power plant operators, South African Airways ( SAA ) used PLATO simulations for cabin attendant training, and there were a number of other large companies as well that were exploring the use of PLATO.

It produces tabletop baseball, football, basketball, and ice hockey simulations, as well as personal computer adaptations of each, but it is primarily known for its baseball game.

CellML is defined by core specifications as well as additional specifications for metadata, used to annotate models and specify simulations.

Some network simulation problems, notably those relying on queueing theory, are well suited to Markov chain simulations, in which no list of future events is maintained and the simulation consists of transiting between different system " states " in a memoryless fashion.

It closely resembles the PDB format but was designed for storing output from molecular dynamics simulations, so it allows for additional numerical precision and optionally retains information about particle velocity as well as position at a given point in the simulation trajectory.

Panzer, as well as the rest of these games ( that were based on the same game system ) both as boardgames and as wargame titles were groundbreaking for their time and led at least in part to the detailed derivatives that produced later computer-based simulations.

Intelligent agents in artificial intelligence are closely related to agents in economics, and versions of the intelligent agent paradigm are studied in cognitive science, ethics, the philosophy of practical reason, as well as in many interdisciplinary socio-cognitive modeling and computer social simulations.

Spreadsheets developed as computerized simulations of paper accounting worksheets.

Historically, simulations used in different fields developed largely independently, but 20th century studies of Systems theory and Cybernetics combined with spreading use of computers across all those fields have led to some unification and a more systematic view of the concept.

Another method, developed by Wright, divides games into the following categories: educational or informative, sports, sensorimotor ( e. g. action games, video games, fighting and shoot-em-up games, and driving and racing simulators ), other vehicular simulators ( not covered by driving and racing ), strategy games ( e. g. adventure games, war games, strategic simulations, role-playing games, and puzzles ), and " other ".

The result is an artistic style that could not have developed if animation was solely devoted to producing simulations of reality.

Computer simulations and mathematical models which have been developed to emulate the flocking behaviors of birds can generally be applied also to the " flocking " behavior of other species.

When sizing a vacuum safety valve, the calculation method is not defined in any norm, particularly in the hot CIP / cold water scenario, but some manufacturers have developed sizing simulations.

They have allowed theoretical results to be checked, and simulations of vortex dynamics to be developed.

The project enlisted students in various classes to use the terminals simultaneously in problem solving, simulations, and multi-terminal communications as tests for the multi-access computing software being developed.

After the war Buneman developed theories and simulations of collisionless dissipation of currents, called the Buneman instability.

* the simulations developed to study neurophysiology, and

The most famous of its products was the Creatures series of artificial life simulations / games, although the company developed a range of standard computer games ( including the foundation of BAMZOOKi ), and for a while pursued research into applications of artificial life technologies.

VMD is primarily developed as a tool for viewing and analyzing the results of molecular dynamics simulations, but it also includes tools for working with volumetric data, sequence data, and arbitrary graphics objects.

At USC, Korris led projects including Full Spectrum Warrior, the first military application developed for Microsoft ’ s Xbox, along with desktop training simulations Full Spectrum Command, Full Spectrum Leader, the Joint Fires and Effects Trainer System and the Department of Defense 2006 Modeling & Simulation Award-winner Every Soldier a Sensor Simulation.

The Lazarus project ( 1998 – 2005 ) was developed as a post-Grand Challenge technique to extract astrophysical results from short lived full numerical simulations of binary black holes.

The gyroball pitch was first identified by the Japanese scientist Ryutaro Himeno ( 姫野 龍太郎 ), and later developed into a specific throwing technique by baseball instructor Kazushi Tezuka ( 手塚 一志 ), who used computer simulations to create a new style of delivery intended to reduce stress on the pitcher.

The desire to understand application-specific UI issues early in software development, even as an application was being developed, led to research on GUI rapid prototyping tools that might offer convincing simulations of how an actual application might behave in production use.