Gaskell also provided doubtful and inaccurate information about Patrick Brontë, claiming, he did not allow his children to eat meat.

* Nasmyth, Gaskell and Company also called the Bridgewater Foundry

Elizabeth Gaskell was also a successful writer and first novel, Mary Barton, was published anonymously in 1848.

Another related novel, North and South by Elizabeth Gaskell, was also published in this magazine.

' He also encouraged Gaskell to include chapters 36 and 37, the dialectical glosses added by William Gaskell, a preface and the chapter epigraphs.

Gaskell also describes an Italian torture chamber where the victim is afforded many luxuries at first but in the end the walls of the cell start closing in and finally they crush him.

Stephen Derry mentions that Gaskell uses the concept of the shrinking cell to describe John Barton's state of mind but also added the element of luxury in order to further enhance it.

He also assisted at the Sunday School at Cross Street where he met William Fairbairn and William Gaskell.

In the early 21st century, with Gaskell ’ s work “ enlisted in contemporary negotiations of nationhood as well as gender and class identities ” ( Matus, 2007, p. 9 ), North and South — one of the first industrial novels describing the conflicts between employers and workers — is now seen as presenting not only a narrative that depicts social conflicts as more complex but also as offering more satisfactory solutions through its heroine, Margaret Hale, spokesperson for the author, and Gaskell ’ s most mature creation.

These early chapters in different places have also been taken to mean a theme of mobility in the novel: In moving from one place to another, the heroine learns to understand herself and the world better and it advances Gaskell ’ s intent to show Margaret ’ s going where Victorian women were not supposed to go — the public sphere.

Matus ( 2007, pp. 35-43 ) also focuses on Gaskell ’ s depiction of “ interiority ,” or psychic process particularly as expressed in dreams and trances such as Thornton ’ s dream of Margaret as a temptress or the “ trance of passion ” of the rioters.

According to Bodenheimer, the narrative in the novel may sometimes appear melodramatic and sentimental ( e. g., But, for all that — for all his savage words, he could have thrown himself at her feet, and kissed the hem of her garment ( chapter 29 )), particularly in the riot scene, but she also sees Gaskell ’ s best writing as “ done with the unjudging openness to experience ” that she shares with D. H. Lawrence ( Bodenheimar, 1979, pp. 296-300 ).

Matus also finds Gaskell ’ s vocabulary “ Gothicized ” in descriptions of the characters ’ agonized inner life — their responses of suffering and pain — that may appear melodramatic when taken out of context.

Gaskell uses it when exploring, for example, the unconscious process that allows Thornton, whose suffering in love disturbs his composure and his control of his feelings, and leads him to communicate with Higgins ( Matus, 2007, p 40 ): " and then the conviction went in, as if by some spell, and touched the latent tenderness of his heart ( chapter 39 ).

Written in French except for one postscript in English, the letters broke Charlotte's image as an angelic martyr to Christian and female duties that had been constructed by many biographers, beginning with Gaskell.

He wrote confidentially to his friend Helen Mary Gaskell ( known as May ), " The armour is good — they have taken pains with it ... Perceval looked the one romantic thing in it ...

Cranford is one of the better-known novels of the 19th century English writer Elizabeth Gaskell.

Believed to be one of the oldest human written records, the Vedas date back over 4000 years ( Gaskell, 2000 ).

Walter Holbrook Gaskell, one of Sherrington's tutors, informed him in November 1881 that he had earned the highest marks for his year in botany, human anatomy, and physiology ; second in zoology ; and highest overall.

* The Gaskell Collection-works by Elizabeth Gaskell, one of the most important writers to have lived and worked in the city

On the one hand, the consistent use of tone through the original preface and the novel, and authorial insets like the first paragraph of chapter 5 suggest the Gaskell is directly narrating the story.

The Nasmyth, Gaskell and Company's Bridgewater Foundry, which began operation in 1836, was one of the earliest factories to use modern materials handling such as cranes and rail tracks through the buildings for handling heavy items.

The railway acquired 26 of them, of which the last nine were built in England, three by Benjamin Hick and Sons and six by Nasmyth, Gaskell and Company The last one was withdrawn in 1856.

With Wives and Daughters ( 1865 ) and Cranford ( 1853 ), it is one of Elizabeth Gaskell ’ s best known novels and a television adaptation North & South ( TV serial ), broadcast at the end of 2004, renewed interest and gained it a wider audience.

Thus, the friendships that develop between people of different social classes, education, and cultural backgrounds — between Mr. Hale and Thornton, Margaret and Bessy, and finally, Thornton and Higgins — prefigure the kind of human relations that Gaskell desires, one that blurs class distinctions.

North and South presents a typical picture of Unitarian tolerance in one evening scene ( Matus, 2007 ): " Margaret the Churchwoman, her father the Dissenter, Higgins the Infidel, knelt down together " ( Gaskell, 1855, chapter 28 ).

Catherine Barnes Stevenson thinks Gaskell may have found the issue of women doing factory work problematic: she often referred only to “ masters and men ” and used one dying factory worker ( Bessy ) to represent women workers who, in fact, constituted more than half of factory workers at the time.

Gaskell developed a reputation for the skillful use of dialectal forms to show status, age, or intimacy between speakers ( Ingham, 1996, p. 62 ).

:" workers and masters are separate as Dives and Lazarus " " ay, as separate as Dives and Lazarus, with a great gulf betwixt " ( Elizabeth Gaskell ; Mary Barton a tale of Manchester life 1848 )

She exposes the beliefs and reasoning of the manufacturers in Thornton ’ s defense of a theory close to social Darwinism: capitalism as a natural, almost physical, obeying of immutable laws, a relentless race to progress where being human is sacrificed, the weak die, whether they are masters or workers ( Gaskell, 1855, chapter 15 ).

" In North and South Elizabeth Gaskell returns to the precarious situation of workers and their relations with industrialists, but in a more balanced manner by focusing more on the thinking and perspective of the employers.

Vast towns such as Manchester, on which Gaskell modeled her fictional " Milton ," were hastily constructed to house workers who moved from the semi-feudal countryside to work for wages in the new factories.

His rebellion parallels that of the strike by workers who take up the cause to feed their children ( Gaskell, 1855, chapter 17 ).

Margaret demonstrates her power in her verbal jousting with Thornton, forcing him to reflect on the validity of his beliefs ( Gaskell, 1855, chapter 15 ) and eventually change his views of workers as mere providers of labor to individuals capable of intelligent thinking.

Elizabeth Gaskell wrote a novel of manners, but in the broader context of an industrial novel about inhabitants of the Black Country, where young girls like Bessy die of " cotton consumption ", capitalists disregard legal obligations, and workers refuse prophylactic facilities, instigate strikes or create riots ( O ' Farrell, 1997, p 58 ).

Mrs. Gaskell, influenced by the work of her husband, does not hesitate to put in the mouth of the workers of Milton dialectal expressions and vocabulary of Lancashire, Manchester, more specifically, but without however going so far as Emily Bronte in her transcription of the particular pronunciation of Yorkshire or Dickens in the syntax of the fishermen of Yarmouth in David Copperfield.

Elizabeth Gaskell lived during a time of great upheavals resulting from the industrial revolution and was very much aware of the difficult conditions of daily life that it caused and the health problems suffered by the workers of Manchester North and South has been interpreted by Roberto Dainotto as “ a kind of apocalyptic journey into the inferno of the changing times — modern poverty, rage, desperation, militant trade unionism and class antagonism ” where the strike described bears resemblance to the Preston strike which occurred the year before the novel was published.

From the eyes of Margaret, a horrified and compassionate outsider witness, Gaskell shows the real social misery in the slums Margaret visited, miseries that were included in the rare depictions of the dark world of workers contained in official Parliamentary Papers ( or Blue Book ), with suggestive illustrations that resulted in the Factory Act of 1833.

Through Margaret and her father, Gaskell criticized the autocratic model that infantilizes workers and is defended by Thornton who does not feel accountable to his workers for his actions or his decisions.

On the other hand, Gaskell hints at the difficulties families like the Hales have keeping female domestic workers ( like Dixon ) in their proper subordinate place and becoming almost like members of the family ( i. e., blurring class differences ), a scenario confronting industrial workers, as well ( Nash, 2007 ).

Other gaffes are due to Margaret ’ s ignorance ; accustomed to the chic salons of London, she is not aware that she is seen as wearing her shawl " as an empress wears her drapery " ( Gaskell, 1855, chapter 7 ) or serving tea with " the air of a proud reluctant slave.