The term Animism appears to have been first developed as animismus by German scientist Georg Ernst Stahl, circa 1720, to refer to the " doctrine that animal life is produced by an immaterial soul.

Many academic historians hold the idea that the German armed forces adopted " blitzkrieg " as an offensive doctrine to be a myth.

It was never used in the title of a military doctrine or handbook of the German army or air force.

The German army Chief of Staff, Hans von Seeckt, moved doctrine away from what he argued was an excessive focus on encirclement towards one based on speed.

Some historians were prepared to go even further, claiming that blitzkrieg was not merely an operational doctrine of the German armed forces but a strategic concept on which the leadership of the Third Reich based its strategic and economic planning.

The idea that the German army operated on a " blitzkrieg doctrine " was vigorously attacked in the late 1970s by Matthew Cooper.

Though the notion of a German blitzkrieg concept or doctrine survive in popular consciousness and popular literature, and many professional historians also still support the thesis.

Frieser, in agreement with Overy, Cooper and others that reject the existence of a blitzkrieg doctrine, argues that after the failure of the Schlieffen Plan in 1914, the German Army came to the conclusion decisive battles could not be executed on a strategic level.

But not all Utraquists approved of the German Reformation ; a schism arose among them, and many returned to the Roman doctrine, while other elements had organised the " Unitas Fratrum " already in 1457.

Wilberg was to play a large role in the development of German air doctrine.

With an effective tactical-operational concept, the German air power theorists needed a strategic doctrine and organisation.

The General Staff blocked the entry of Douhet's theory into doctrine, fearing revenge strikes against German civilians and cities.

In opposition to the German submissions, the United States argued that the Vienna Convention did not grant rights to individuals, only to states ; that the convention was meant to be exercised subject to the laws of each state party, which in the case of the United States meant subject to the doctrine of procedural default ; and that Germany was seeking to turn the ICJ into an international court of criminal appeal.

The German doctrine was to use these to exploit breakthroughs in Blitzkrieg offensives, the French envisaged them being used to shift reserves rapidly in a defensive battle.

It is this doctrine that Martin Luther adduces in his 1520 To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation in order to dismiss the medieval Christian belief that Christians were to be divided into two classes: " spiritual " and " temporal " or non-spiritual.

While the German Blitzkrieg doctrine called for combined-arms action, which required fire support for armoured units, during the invasion of Poland and France this was provided by the Luftwaffe using Stuka dive-bombers effectively acting as artillery.

This idea was challenged by the poor performance of the relatively light early tank guns against armour, and German doctrine of avoiding tank-versus-tank combat.

Location and capture of firearms registration records has also long been a standard doctrine taught to military intelligence officers, and was widely practiced by German and Soviet troops during World War II in the countries they invaded.

The population of the United States was revolted at the ruthlessness of the Prussian doctrine of war, and German designs to shift the burden of aggression encountered skeptical derision.

Members of the German high command viewed this new scheme with some favour and it later became the basis of an elastic defence in depth doctrine against Entente attacks.

Under the influence of this doctrine, and of Phenomenology, the Hungarian-born German sociologist Karl Mannheim ( 1893 – 1947 ) gave impetus to the growth of the sociology of knowledge with his Ideologie und Utopie ( 1929, translated and extended in 1936 as Ideology and Utopia ), although the term had been introduced five years earlier by the co-founder of the movement, the German philosopher, phenomenologist and social theorist Max Scheler ( 1874 – 1928 ), in Versuche zu einer Soziologie des Wissens ( 1924, Attempts at a Sociology of Knowledge ).

By the late 1930s it was the Soviet military theoreticians who had developed and implemented a fully integrated combined arms doctrine with some cooperation by the German Reich's Wehrmacht.

Historians attribute the success of the Canadian Corps in capturing the ridge to a mixture of technical and tactical innovation, meticulous planning, powerful artillery support and extensive training, as well as the failure of the German Sixth Army to properly apply the new German defensive doctrine.

In 1989, with the end of the Cold War and pressure from the East German population, the Berlin Wall fell on 9 November 1989 and was subsequently mostly demolished, with little of its physical structure remaining today ; the East Side Gallery in Friedrichshain near the Oberbaumbrücke over the Spree preserves a portion of the Wall.

According to Olga Ivinskaya, he repeatedly helped to dispose of German bombs which fell on it.

After the death of Pope Silvester II in 1003, the papacy fell under the influence of the nobility in Latium, and then after 1046, under the influence of the German emperors.

Dar es Salaam fell into decline after Majid's death in 1870, but was revived in 1887, when the German East Africa Company established a station there.

One of the leading German universities for many centuries, it fell upon hard times in the early 19th century, and was forced to close in 1816.

When Tripoli fell under siege by British forces, he and his colleagues made a narrow escape by boarding a German military plane flying to Sicily.

Ciano was amazed at the way that Laval fell in with the German demands, and thought it all typical Ribbentrop that he should remind Laval in a very tactless way how this forest had once served as Napoleon's headquarters.

The responsibility of the defence of German air space fell to the Luftgaukommandos ( air district commands ).

In fact German production in fighters fell from 227 to 177 per month between July and September 1940.

United States protests over German and Argentine activities in Paraguay fell on deaf ears.

Poznań fell to the Red Army ( assisted by Polish volunteers ) on 23 February 1945 following the Battle of Poznań, in which the German army conducted a last-ditch defence in line with Hitler's designation of the city as a Festung.

These laws provided legal definitions of who was a Jew and who was a German citizen ( definitively severing Jewish identity from German citizenry ), prohibited sexual intercourse between Jews and state citizens, and provided punishment in forced labor camps for those who fell afoul of the law.

He studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, from 1930 to 1933, during which time he fell under the influence both of the poet A. E. Housman, then Professor of Latin at the university, and of the writings of the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche.

During World War II Thessaloniki was heavily bombarded by Fascist Italy ( with 232 people dead, 871 wounded and over 800 buildings damaged or destroyed in November 1940 alone ), and, the Italians having failed to succeed in their invasion of Greece, it fell to the forces of Nazi Germany on 8 April 1941 and remained under German occupation until 30 October 1944 when it was liberated by the Greek People's Liberation Army.

He fell from Henry's favour after arranging the King's marriage to a German princess, Anne of Cleves, whom he divorced shortly afterwards.

During the Gothic Wars much of the island fell easily to the Ostrogoths, but an army sent from Carthage and the final fall of German resistance in the mainland reassured the Byzantine control.

They fell into the style of Richard Strauss and other German composers of the day, but with hints of what would become Orff's distinctive musical language.

The British had managed to advance during Flers-Courcelette, capturing of the German third position, but fell short of all their objectives, and once again the breakthrough eluded them.

The New York Timess theatre critic George Jean Nathan wrote that Lerner's book was based on a much older German story by Friedrich Gerstäcker, later translated by Charles Brandon Schaeffer, about the mythical village of Germelshausen that fell under a magic curse.

The town of Thélus fell during the second day of the attack, as did the crest of the ridge once the Canadian Corps overcame a salient of considerable German resistance.

The ridge fell under German control in October 1914 during the Race to the Sea as the Franco-British and German forces continually attempted to outflank each other through northeastern France.

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Basilicata fell to German rule, which ended in the mid-6th century when the Byzantines reconquered it from the Ostrogoths.