Julius Caesar in Gallic Wars tells us ( 1. 51 ) that Ariovistus had gathered an army from a wide region of Germany, but especially the Harudes, Marcomanni, Triboci, Vangiones, Nemetes and Sedusii.

Conversely the use of true brass seems to have declined in Western Europe during this period in favour of gunmetals and other mixed alloys but by the end of the first Millennium AD brass artefacts are found in Scandinavian graves in Scotland, brass was being used in the manufacture of coins in Northumbria and there is archaeological and historical evidence for the production of brass in Germany and The Low Countries areas rich in calamine ore which would remain important centres of brass making throughout the medieval period, especially Dinant – brass objects are still collectively known as dinanterie in French.

Barge and canal systems were nonetheless of great, perhaps even primary, economic importance until after World War I in Europe, particularly in the more developed nations of the Low Countries, France, Germany, Poland, and especially Great Britain which more or less made the system characteristically its own.

The origins myth appeared, especially during the Second World War, allow the dangers of regional separatism and annexation to Germany.

The second article, published in 1938, states that launching a swift strategic knockout has great attractions for Germany but appears to accept that such a knockout will be very difficult to achieve by land attack under modern conditions ( especially in view of the existence of systems of fortification like the Maginot Line ) unless an exceptionally high degree of surprise is achieved.

Further minimizing reliance on a single major partner, successive Czech governments have welcomed U. S. investment ( amongst others ) as a counterbalance to the strong economic influence of Western European partners, especially of their powerful neighbour, Germany.

Calvinism became the theological system of the majority in Scotland ( see John Knox ), the Netherlands, with men such as William Ames, T J Frelinghuysen and Wilhelmus à Brakel and parts of Germany ( especially those adjacent to the Netherlands ) with the likes of Olevianus and his colleague Zacharias Ursinus.

Deism became more prominent in the 17th and 18th centuries during the Age of Enlightenment — especially in Britain, France, Germany and America — among intellectuals raised as Christians who believed in one God, but found they could not believe in supernatural events such as miracles, the inerrancy of scriptures, or the Trinity.

The stab-in-the-back myth ( German: )< ref > Despite the similarity of the German word Legende and the English word " legend ", " stab-in-the-back < u > myth </ u >" is the preferred term in English .</ ref > is the notion, widely believed in right-wing circles in Germany after 1918, that the German Army did not lose World War I but was instead betrayed by the civilians on the home front, especially the republicans who overthrew the monarchy.

In the Renaissance period the Italian doors are quite simple, their architects trusting more to the doorways for effect ; but in France and Germany the contrary is the case, the doors being elaborately carved, especially in the Louis XIV and Louis XV periods, and sometimes with architectural features such as columns and entablatures with pediment and niches, the doorway being in plain masonry.

A smaller emphasis on doctrinal activity favoured the development here and there of the ascetic and contemplative life and there sprang up, especially in Germany and Italy, the mystical movement with which the names of Meister Eckhart, Heinrich Suso, Johannes Tauler, and St. Catherine of Siena are associated.

The situation was especially pronounced in Nazi Germany, Francoist Spain and the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin.

In Germany, Switzerland and Denmark, and especially among Lutherans, the term has continued to be used in a broad sense.

The language is also spoken by Greek emigrant communities in many countries in Western Europe, especially the United Kingdom and Germany, in Canada and the United States, Australia, as well as in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and others.

The volume of traffic in Germany, especially goods transportation, is at a very high level due to its central location in Europe.

He was subsequently employed on various papal missions, especially to Germany, but was unsuccessful in preventing the German princes from making a truce with the reformers, or in checking to any extent the progress of the reformers ' doctrines.

Also common, especially in the south of Germany, are dumplings ( including Klöße or Knödel ) and potato noodles, including Schupfnudeln, which are similar to Italian gnocchi.

Popular soft drinks include Schorle, juice or wine mixed with sparkling mineral water, with Apfelschorle being especially popular in southern Germany, and Spezi, made with cola and an orange-flavored drink such as Fanta.

Pretzels are especially common in the South of Germany

Both terms were used in East Germany with an increasing emphasis on the abbreviated name, especially since East Germany considered West Germans and West Berliners to be foreigners following the promulgation of its second constitution in 1968.

Stem Duchies ( tribal duchies ) in Germany were mainly the areas of the old German tribes of the region, especially in the east.

The change from the slower, more tranquil order of the old Germany was very sudden, and many, especially the nobility, resented being displaced by the new rich.

Historians have paid special attention to the efforts by Nazi Germany to reverse the gains women made before 1933, especially in the relatively liberal Weimar Republic.

He returned to Germany for the first time in 1953, where he has since conducted in Cologne, Frankfurt, and Berlin.

Though Walter Ulbricht, by grace of Soviet tanks, may be head man in East Germany, that does not give him any right to usurp the government of East Berlin or to absorb that semi-city into the Soviet zone.

After the Berlin blockade and airlift, the Council of Foreign Ministers in 1949 declared a purpose `` to mitigate the effects of the present administrative division of Germany and of Berlin ''.

For some time the Communists honored the distinction between the Soviet zone of Germany and the Soviet sector of Berlin by promulgating separately the laws for the two areas.

Then they moved offices of the East German puppet government into East Berlin and began illegally to treat it as the capital of East Germany.

The British and other replies to that Moscow note pointed out efforts of the Communist authorities `` to integrate East Berlin into East Germany by isolating it from the outside and attempting to make it the capital of East Germany ''.

West Germany will face the crucial tests that lie ahead, on Berlin and unification, with a coalition government.

He is dedicated to building the nation's strength and, as are all West Germans, to a free Berlin and to reunion with captive East Germany.

East Berlin ( Communist ) radio in German to Germany:

The weekly loss is partly counterbalanced by 500 arrivals each week from West Germany, but the hard truth, says Crossman, is that `` The closing off of East Berlin without interference from the West and with the use only of East German, as distinct from Russian, troops was a major Communist victory, which dealt West Berlin a deadly, possibly a fatal, blow.

The years 1812 and 1813 saw him in Germany and France again, but on this visit to Berlin he did not seek out the philosophers as he had on his first journey.

* 1961 – East Germany closes the border between the eastern and western sectors of Berlin to thwart its inhabitants ' attempts to escape to the West.

* 1961 – Conrad Schumann flees from East Germany while on duty guarding the construction of the Berlin Wall.

Berlin, Germany

* 1986 – Three people are killed in the bombing of the La Belle Discothèque in West Berlin, Germany.

Conservation, as a distinct field of study, initially developed in Germany, when in 1888 Friedrich Rathgen became the first chemist to be employed by a Museum, the Koniglichen Museen, Berlin ( Royal Museums of Berlin ).

The break-through, however, came when the group of Becker-Ross in Berlin, Germany, built a spectrometer entirely designed for HR-CS AAS.

Even though Berlin replaced Bonn as the capital of united Germany in 1990, Bonn stays a centre of politics and administration.

German reunification in 1990 made Berlin the nominal capital of Germany again.

Berlin (; ) is the capital city of Germany and one of the 16 states of Germany.