How Gerrymandering can influence electoral results on a Voting system # Nonproportional and semiproportional methods | non-proportional system. Example for a state with 3 equally sized districts, 15 voters and 2 parties: Plum ( squares ) and Orange ( circles ). In ( a ), creating 3 mixed-type districts yields a 3 – 0 win to Plum — a disproportional result considering the state-wide 9: 6 Plum majority. In ( b ), Orange wins the urban district while Plum wins the rural districts — the 2-1 result reflects the state-wide vote ratio. In ( c ), gerrymandering techniques ensure a 2-1 win to the state-wide minority Orange party.

Gerrymandering is effective because of the wasted vote effect.

: This can include Gerrymandering, exclusion of opposition candidates from eligibility for office, and manipulating thresholds for electoral success are some of the ways the structure of an election can be changed to favor a specific faction or candidate.

Gerrymandering may be used to achieve desired electoral results for a particular party, or may be used to help or hinder a particular demographic, such as a political, racial, linguistic, religious or class group.

Gerrymandering should not be confused with malapportionment, whereby the number of eligible voters per elected representative can vary widely without relation to how the boundaries are drawn.

Gerrymandering soon began to be used to describe not only the original Massachusetts example but also other cases of district-shape manipulation for partisan gain in other states.

Gerrymandering is used most often in favor of ruling incumbents or a specific political party — the one drawing the map.

Gerrymandering is most common in countries where elected politicians are responsible for defining constituency boundaries.

Gerrymandering is the manipulation of electoral district boundaries for political gain.

Gerrymandering is the practice of drawing district lines to achieve political gain for legislators.

Gerrymandering was employed in the drawing of electoral districts to favor the rightist parties, with a positive bias towards the traditionally more conservative rural areas of the country.

Gerrymandering in Orleans County connected Rochester to Buffalo.

*" Elmwood: Molasses, Gerrymandering and Derek " by J. Anthony Day, The Harvard Crimson, March 24, 1971

For all these points he relies exclusively on Berle and Means's study of 1932, The Modern Corporation And Private Property.

Moreover, the diabetic patient who relies on cure by the quack device and therefore cuts off his insulin intake can be committing suicide.

The tsunami-warning system developed since the 1946 disaster in Hawaii relies mainly on a simple and ingenious instrument devised by Commander C. K. Green of the Coast and Geodetic Survey staff.

Despite extensive oil and gas resources, diamonds, hydroelectric potential, and rich agricultural land, Angola remains poor, and a third of the population relies on subsistence agriculture.

According to Roy Andrew Miller ( 1996: 98-99 ), the Clauson – Doerfer critique of Altaic relies exclusively on lexicon, whereas the fundamental evidence for Altaic consists in verbal morphology.

Because there is no canonical well-ordering of all sets, a construction that relies on a well-ordering may not produce a canonical result, even if a canonical result is desired ( as is often the case in category theory ).

The restriction to ZF renders any claim that relies on either the axiom of choice or its negation unprovable.

This is an anchor which relies solely on being a heavy weight.

They are said to go back at least to the Greek poet Lycophron, in the third century BCE ; but this relies on an account of Lycophron given by John Tzetzes in the 12th century.

He has a ship that can be rolled up like a tablecloth when not used, he relies on two talking ravens to gather intelligence, and he consults the talking head of a dwarf for prophecy ( he carries it around long since detached from its body ) ( Section 7 ).

Because of its ( relatively ) economically isolated location, Alberta relies heavily on transportation links with the rest of the world.

Hindu astrology relies on the sidereal zodiac in which the signs of the zodiac are aligned to the position of the corresponding constellations in the sky.

For instance, the Northwest relies on local seafood, while in the South, Mexican flavors are extremely common.

That the algebra of the real numbers can be employed to yield results about the linear continuum of geometry relies on the Cantor – Dedekind axiom.

The reasoning for rejecting Athanasius as the author usually relies on a combination of the following:

It requires standards with known analyte content to establish the relation between the measured absorbance and the analyte concentration and relies therefore on the Beer-Lambert Law.

Given the complexity of the calculations involved and the convoluted structure that a convertible bond can have, an arbitrageur often relies on sophisticated quantitative models in order to identify bonds that are trading cheap versus their theoretical value.

If the candidate relies on sponsors, the celebrant asks them if they will raise the child in " the Christian faith and life " ( ECUSA BCP ), and will raise the child through " prayers and witness to grow into the full stature of Christ " to which the parents will state to each, " I will, with God's help.

The industry now relies on contract agreements with European firms and attracting foreign investment.

More than 80 % of the population relies on subsistence agriculture, with only a small fraction directly involved in industry and services.

The antithesis of this would be a team that relies on power hitting.

However, because it relies on lack of concentration or discipline by the batsman, it can be risky against patient and skilled players, especially batsmen who are strong on the leg side.

The framework for the Big Bang model relies on Albert Einstein's general relativity and on simplifying assumptions such as homogeneity and isotropy of space.

Unlike assurance contracts, this relies on social norms to ensure ( to some extent ) that the threshold is reached and partial contributions are not wasted.

The Varela Project relies on Article # 88 ( g ) of the Cuban Constitution Text of 1976, which allows citizens to propose laws if 10, 000 persons who are registered to vote support the proposal with their names, national identification numbers, addresses, and signatures.

Each division competes strictly for distance except for the Theatrical division which relies on a fan vote.

The organization relies on the Associated Press to perform vote tabulations and contracted with Edison Media Research and Mitofsky International to " make projections and provide exit poll analysis.

3 ) And while VVPAT is designed to serve as a check on DRE ( Direct Recording Electronic ) vote recorders, it relies on the same proprietary programming and electronics to produce the audit trail.