Gerrymandering is used most often in favor of ruling incumbents or a specific political party — the one drawing the map.

Gerrymandering is most common in countries where elected politicians are responsible for defining constituency boundaries.

Gerrymandering is effective because of the wasted vote effect.

Gerrymandering is the manipulation of electoral district boundaries for political gain.

Gerrymandering was employed in the drawing of electoral districts to favor the rightist parties, with a positive bias towards the traditionally more conservative rural areas of the country.

How Gerrymandering can influence electoral results on a Voting system # Nonproportional and semiproportional methods | non-proportional system. Example for a state with 3 equally sized districts, 15 voters and 2 parties: Plum ( squares ) and Orange ( circles ). In ( a ), creating 3 mixed-type districts yields a 3 – 0 win to Plum — a disproportional result considering the state-wide 9: 6 Plum majority. In ( b ), Orange wins the urban district while Plum wins the rural districts — the 2-1 result reflects the state-wide vote ratio. In ( c ), gerrymandering techniques ensure a 2-1 win to the state-wide minority Orange party.

Gerrymandering may be used to achieve desired electoral results for a particular party, or may be used to help or hinder a particular demographic, such as a political, racial, linguistic, religious or class group.

Gerrymandering soon began to be used to describe not only the original Massachusetts example but also other cases of district-shape manipulation for partisan gain in other states.

: This can include Gerrymandering, exclusion of opposition candidates from eligibility for office, and manipulating thresholds for electoral success are some of the ways the structure of an election can be changed to favor a specific faction or candidate.

Gerrymandering should not be confused with malapportionment, whereby the number of eligible voters per elected representative can vary widely without relation to how the boundaries are drawn.

Gerrymandering relies on the wasted vote effect, effectively concentrating wasted votes among opponents while minimizing wasted votes among supporters.

Gerrymandering in Orleans County connected Rochester to Buffalo.

*" Elmwood: Molasses, Gerrymandering and Derek " by J. Anthony Day, The Harvard Crimson, March 24, 1971

As a word of caution, we should be aware that in actual practice no message is purely one of the four types, question, command, statement, or exclamation.

It will readily be seen that in this suggested network ( not materially different from some of the networks in vogue today ) greater emphasis on monitoring is implied than is usually put into practice.

The discrepancy between what we commonly profess and what we practice or tolerate is great, and it does not escape the notice of others.

What is more, the legends have become so sacrosanct that the very habit of self-examination or self-criticism smells of low treason, and men who practice it are defeatists and unpatriotic scoundrels.

My reply is that I associate myself with all those who affirm that Gentile-Jewish relations should contribute to the theory and practice of human dignity.

The principle is commendable but we suspect that in the practice somebody is going to get gulled.

and, though he repeated, over and over again, the spectacular figures of industrial and agricultural production in 1980, the `` ordinary '' people in Russia are still a little uncertain as to how `` communism '' is really going to work in practice, especially in respect of food.

If this practice should take root and spread, the man who submits a manuscript to a publisher will find himself reviewed before he is accepted and publication will become a sort of post-mortem formality.

It should be enough to say that the practice of the state buying automobiles is at least forty years old.

The location of the latter now is determined for tax purposes at the time of registration, and it is now accepted practice to consider a motor vehicle as being situated where it is garaged.

This condition will undoubtedly continue until such time as a state uniform system of evaluation is established, or through mutual agreement of the local assessing officials for a method of standard assessment practice to be adopted.

To summarize, it may be said that there is no one prevailing practice in Rhode Island with respect to the taxation of movable property, that assessors would like to see an improvement, and of those who have an opinion, that assessment by the town of location is preferred on the basis of their present knowledge.

The One Leg Lunge is a split and all lifters practice this in their regular workouts.

A second and also good practice is to shear off the tops, leaving an inch high stub with just a leaf or two on each branch.

The Targo is a good outfit for fun shooting or for economic wing-shooting practice, but it's tougher than it looks to run up a score on the clay birds.

Acreage in excess of the minimum is good practice as recreation areas are never too large for the future and it is often more economical to operate one large area than several small ones.

To practice new procedures under guided supervision and with constant feedback is the fourth step.

It is the classroom teacher, however, who has daily contacts with pupils, and who is in a unique position to put sound psychological principles into practice.

Even though in most cases the completion of the definitive editions of their writings is still years off, enough documentation has already been assembled to warrant drawing a new composite profile of the leadership which performed the heroic dual feats of winning American independence and founding a new nation.

If a work is divided into several large segments, a last-minute drawing of random numbers may determine the order of the segments for any particular performance.

Since the difficulty of drawing the net is great, we will merely discuss it.

A drawing of the structure is to be found in reference 6.

Until better records have been kept over longer periods of time and much more is known about the maximum dimensions, it will be wise to refrain from drawing conclusions.

The trompe-l'oeil illusion here is no longer enclosed between parallel flatnesses, but seems to thrust through the surface of the drawing paper and establish depth on top of it.

Old Mr. Pocket's frantic response to life imprisonment with a useless, social-climbing wife is to `` put his two hands into his disturbed hair '' and `` make an extraordinary effort to lift himself up by it '', whereas Joe Gargery endures the shrewish onslaughts of Mrs. Joe by apologetically drawing `` the back of his hand across and across his nose ''.

Just as it is possible to exaggerate the drawing power of the new tenure practices, it is also possible to exaggerate the significance of the now relatively adequate salaries paid by major Catholic institutions.

It is the spirit which is the source of a community's drawing power by means of which others are drawn into it from the world outside so that the community grows and prospers.

* 1963 – The Bristol Bus Boycott is held in Bristol to protest the Bristol Omnibus Company's refusal to employ Black or Asian bus crews, drawing national attention to racial discrimination in the United Kingdom.

Magnesium sulfate is therefore best applied at night with a sterile dressing covering it, the rupture itself is not painful but the drawing up may be uncomfortable.

In strict analysis, abbreviations should not be confused with contractions or acronyms ( including initialisms ), with which they share some semantic and phonetic functions, though all three are connoted by the term " abbreviation " in loose parlance. An abbreviation is a shortening by any method ; a contraction is a reduction of size by the drawing together of the parts.

* Extent of the atonement – Arminians, along with four-point Calvinists or Amyraldians, hold to a universal drawing and universal extent of atonement instead of the Calvinist doctrine that the drawing and atonement is limited in extent to the elect only, which many Calvinists prefer to call ' particular redemption '.

It is natively supported by most operating systems / GUIs for drawing windows ( where applicable ) or widgets:

In 1870 he was appointed a member of the commission for drawing up a maritime and commercial code, and the navigation law of 1882 is mainly his work.

A self-portrait, a drawing in silverpoint, is dated 1484 ( Albertina, Vienna ) “ when I was a child ," as his later inscription says.

The drawing opens at ground level on a clearing surrounding an enormous tree that is placed in the center, dominating the picture.

From this it follows that correctness of drawing depends solely upon the principal rays ; and is independent of the sharpness or curvature of the image field.

No matter how much help he had, Capp insisted on drawing and inking the characters ' faces and hands — especially of Abner and Daisy Mae — himself, and his distinctive touch is often discernible.

In Hobbes reasoning is the right process of drawing conclusions from definitions ( the " names agreed upon ").