However, while Apollo has a great number of appellations in Greek myth, only a few occur in Latin literature, chief among them Phoebus ( ; Φοίβος, Phoibos, literally " radiant "), which was very commonly used by both the Greeks and Romans in Apollo's role as the god of light.

Anatolia has been inhabited by many peoples throughout history, such as the Hattians, Hurrians, Hittites, Luwians, Phrygians, Lydians, Persians, Greeks, Assyrians, Mitanni, Scythians, Cimmerians, Urartians, Carians, Commagene, Cilicians, Arameans, Kaskians, Mushki, Palaic, Corduene, Armenians, Romans, Colchians, Iberians, Georgians, Kurds, Seljuk Turks, and Ottomans.

Anatolia has had many civilizations throughout history, such as the Hattians, Hurrians, Luwians, Hittites, Phrygians, Lydians, Persians, Greeks, Assyrians, Urartians, Cimmerians, Carians, Scythians, Corduene, Armenians, Romans, Georgians, Circassians, Kurds, Seljuk Turks and Ottomans.

The ancient Greeks and Romans wore amethyst and made drinking vessels of it in the belief that it would prevent intoxication.

When Troy was sacked by the Greeks, Aeneas, after being commanded by the gods to flee, gathered a group, collectively known as the Aeneads, who then traveled to Italy and became progenitors of Romans.

* or Areian: the designation of an inhabitant of Aria ( a region in the eastern part of the Persian empire ; today's Herat ), used by the ancient and medieval Greeks ( as Ἄρ ( ε ) ιοι / Ar ( e ) ioi ) and Romans ( as Arii ).

Although the Greeks and Romans typically scorned Egypt's animal-headed gods as bizarre and primitive ( Anubis was known to be mockingly called " Barker " by the Greeks ), Anubis was sometimes associated with Sirius in the heavens, and Cerberus in Hades.

From the Ancient Greeks and Romans to Napoleon's France and Elizabethan England, much of history is filled with stories of entertainment based on games of chance.

A major problem in determining whether the Cimbri were speaking a Celtic or a Germanic language is that at this time the Greeks and Romans tended to refer to all groups to the north of their sphere of influence as Gauls, Celts, or Germani rather indiscriminately.

The Egyptians, Persians and other civilizations mostly used columns for the practical purpose of holding up the roof inside a building, preferring outside walls to be decorated with reliefs or painting, but the Ancient Greeks, followed by the Romans, loved to use them on the outside as well, and the extensive use of columns on the interior and exterior of buildings is one of the most characteristic features of classical architecture, in buildings like the Parthenon.

The ancient Greeks and Romans created maps, beginning at latest with Anaximander in the 6th century BC.

Starting with the pre colonial African empires which lead to the Egyptians, Phoenicians, Greeks and Romans who all built colonies in antiquity.

These funerals echoed the religious festivals of the pagan Greeks and Romans and are seen by many as Saturnalian.

The " Greek " component in the Serbian imperial title indicates both rulership over Greeks and the derivation of the imperial tradition from the Romans ( represented by the " Greek " Byzantines ).

The cap was originally worn by ancient Romans and Greeks.

Additionally, Hercules recalled the classical age of the Greeks and the Romans, a period which the revolutionaries identified with republican and democratic ideals.

It was not only the Greeks and Romans that produced graffiti: the Mayan site of Tikal in Guatemala also contains ancient examples.

The ancient Greeks and Romans believed that books on magic were invented by the Persians, with the 1st century CE writer Pliny the Elder stating that magic had been first discovered by the ancient philosopher Zoroaster around the year 6347 BC, but that it was only written down in the 5th century BC by the magician Osthanes — his claims are not however supported by modern historians.

Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the cultivation of purple grapes, and history attests to the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians and Romans growing purple grapes for both eating and wine production.

The giraffe was also known to the Greeks and Romans, who believed that it was an unnatural hybrid of a camel and a leopard and called it camelopardalis.

These Celts were warriors, respected by Greeks and Romans ( illustration, below ).

Different populations and cultures followed over the millennia, including the Iberians, the Tartessians, Celts and Celtiberians, Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, Romans, Suebi and Visigoths.

In the 6th century BC, the Carthaginians arrived in Iberia, struggling first with the Greeks, and shortly after, with the newly arriving Romans for control of the Western Mediterranean.

The Battle of Marathon was a watershed in the Greco-Persian wars, showing the Greeks that the Persians could be beaten ; the eventual Greek triumph in these wars can be seen to begin at Marathon.

However, it was also the result of the longer-term interaction between the Greeks and Persians.

Herodotus explicitly tells us that the Greeks attacked the Persians ( and the other sources confirm this ), but it is not clear why they did this before the arrival of the Spartans.

Indeed, based on their previous experience of the Greeks, the Persians might be excused for this ; Herodotus tells us that the Athenians at Marathon were " first to endure looking at Median dress and men wearing it, for up until then just hearing the name of the Medes caused the Hellenes to panic ".

It was the first time the Greeks had beaten the Persians, proving that they were not invincible, and that resistance, rather than subjugation, was possible.

It was only with the recovery of Phoenician trade in the ninth and tenth centuries BC that saw a return to prosperity, and the appearance of real coinage, possibly first in Anatolia with Croesus of Lydia and subsequently with the Greeks and Persians.

Thessaly was widely known for producing competent cavalrymen, and later experiences in wars both with and against the Persians taught the Greeks the value of cavalry in skirmishing and pursuit.

An alternate name for Greek fire was " Median fire " (), and the 6th-century historian Procopius, records that crude oil, which was called naphtha ( in Greek νάφθα, naphtha, from Middle Persian نفت ( naft )) by the Persians, was known to the Greeks as " Median oil " ().

The term " Persian bird " for the cock would appear to been given by the Greeks after Persian contact " because of his great importance and his religious use among the Persians ", but even long before that time, in Iran, during the Kianian Period, from about 2000 B. C.

Syria was dominated by many peoples in its history, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Assyrians, Chaldeans, Canaanites, Arameans, Hattians, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Nabataeans, Byzantines, Arabs, Crusaders, Ottomans, and French.

* 480 BC – Greeks defeat Persians in the Battle of Salamis

Sagitta's shape is reminiscent of a arrow, and many cultures have interpreted it thus, among them the Persians, Hebrews, Greeks and Romans.

Star catalogues were compiled by many different ancient peoples, including the Babylonians, Greeks, Chinese, Persians and Arabs.

The throne then passed to the Persians, who their king Darius was the first to sit successfully on Solomon's throne since his death, and after that the throne passed into the possession of the Greeks and Ahasuerus.

The Seleucid empire's geographic span, from the Aegean Sea to what is now Afghanistan and Pakistan, created a melting pot of various peoples, such as Greeks, Armenians, Persians, Medes, Assyrians, and Jews.

A text from the Islamic world claims that the Greeks derived from Shem: Tabari II: 11 “ Shem, the son of Noah was the father of the Arabs, the Persians, and the Greeks ;...”

* 830: House of Wisdom, a library and translation institute, established by al-Ma ' mun, Abbasid caliph, in Baghdad to transfer the knowledge of Greeks, Persians, Indians, etc.

* August 11, 480 BC: The Battle of Thermopylae, a costly victory by Persians over the Greeks

* 479 BC: The Battle of Plataea, the Greeks defeat the Persians, ending the Persian Wars.