The same word in adjectival form ( purgatorius-a-um, cleansing ), which appears also in non-religious writing, was already used by Christians such as Augustine of Hippo and Pope Gregory I to refer to an after-death cleansing.

Transmission, Gregory Chaitin also presents this theorem in J. ACM – Chaitin's paper was submitted October 1966 and revised in December 1968, and cites both Solomonoff's and Kolmogorov's papers.

He also knew Orosius's Adversus Paganus, and Gregory of Tours ' Historia Francorum, both Christian histories, as well as the work of Eutropius, a pagan historian.

Bede would also have been familiar with more recent accounts such as Eddius Stephanus's Life of Wilfrid, and anonymous Lives of Gregory the Great and Cuthbert.

In ancient literature, we find a reference to the workings of water-powered marble saws close to Trier, now Germany, by the late 4th century poet Ausonius ; about the same time, these mill types seem also to be indicated by the Christian saint Gregory of Nyssa from Anatolia, demonstrating a diversified use of water-power in many parts of the Roman Empire.

By the mid-20th century many rhyming slang expressions used the names of contemporary personalities, especially actors and performers: for example " Gregory Peck " meaning " neck " and also " cheque "; " Ruby Murray " meaning " curry "; " Alans ", meaning " knickers " from Alan Whicker ; " Max Miller " meaning " pillow " when pronounced / ˈpilə / and " Henry Halls ".

She also worked to bring the papacy of Gregory XI back to Rome from its displacement in France, and to establish peace among the Italian city-states.

She carried on a long correspondence with Pope Gregory XI, also asking him to reform the clergy and the administration of the Papal States.

She also tried to convince Pope Gregory XI to return to Rome.

Gregory XII then sent representatives to Constance, whom he granted full powers to summon, open and preside over an Ecumenical Council ; he also empowered them to present his resignation to the Papacy.

Some of Pope Gregory the Great ’ s letters survive that relate to the mission of St. Augustine to Kent in 597 ; these letters provide information about the mission specifically, but also can be used to draw conclusions about the state of Kent and its relationships with its neighbours.

Gregory, however, also says that he thinks that Ingoberg was seventy years old in 589 ; and this would make her about forty when she married Charibert.

In 318, Gregory appointed his second son Aristaces as the next Catholicos in line of Armenia's Holy Apostolic Church to stabilize and continue strengthening Christianity not only in Armenia, but also in the Caucasus and Anatolia.

Gregory also placed and instructed his grandson Gregory ( one of the sons of Vrtanes ) in charge of the holy missions to the peoples and tribes of all of the Caucasus and Caucasian Albania.

Gregory of Nazianzus ( c. 329 – January 25 389 or 390 ) ( also known as Gregory the Theologian or Gregory Nazianzen ; ) was a 4th-century Archbishop of Constantinople.

This view of Gregory is also held by some modern theologians, such as John Sachs who said that Gregory had " leanings " toward apocatastasis, but in a " cautious, undogmatic " way.

Apart from the several theological discourses, Gregory was also one of the most important early Christian men of letters, a very accomplished orator, perhaps one of the greatest of his time, and also a very prolific poet, writing several poems with theological and moral matter and some with biographical content, about himself and about his friends ( one short poem, " Eis ta Emmetra ", actually lays down some rules for the composition of poetry ).

On Mount Athos, Barlaam encountered Hesychasts and heard descriptions of their practices, also reading the writings of the teacher in Hesychasm of St Gregory Palamas, himself an Athonite monk.

St Gregory defended hesychasm in the 1340s at three different synods in Constantinople, and he also wrote a number of works in its defense.

One of Barlaam's friends, Gregory Akindynos, who originally was also a friend of St Gregory Palamas, took up the controversy, which also played a role in the civil war between the supporters of John Cantacuzenus and John V Palaeologus.

In 833, Gregory completely rebuilt St Mark ’ s Basilica in Rome, adorning the walls with Byzantine-style mosaics, as well as a number of other churches which he either repaired or rebuilt.

He was venerated, however, at Rome in the fourth century: a church was built in his honor very early, and was repaired and beautified by Pope Gregory III in 741.

The first case recorded of the partial exemption of an abbot from episcopal control is that of Faustus, abbot of Lerins, at the council of Arles, AD 456 ; but the exorbitant claims and exactions of bishops, to which this repugnance to episcopal control is to be traced, far more than to the arrogance of abbots, rendered it increasingly frequent, and, in the 6th century, the practice of exempting religious houses partly or altogether from episcopal control, and making them responsible to the pope alone, received an impulse from Pope Gregory the Great.

Pope Gregory I repeats the concept, articulated over a century earlier by Gregory of Nyssa that the saved suffer purification after death, in connection with which he wrote of " purgatorial flames ".

Two days after Theodosius arrived in Constantinople, 24 November 380, he expelled the Homoiousian bishop, Demophilus of Constantinople, and surrendered the churches of that city to Gregory Nazianzus, the leader of the rather small Nicene community there, an act which provoked rioting.

Their raids throughout the three parts of Gaul were traumatic: Gregory of Tours ( died ca 594 ) mentions their destructive force at the time of Valerian and Gallienus ( 253 – 260 ), when the Alemanni assembled under their " king ", whom he calls Chrocus, who " by the advice, it is said, of his wicked mother, and overran the whole of the Gauls, and destroyed from their foundations all the temples which had been built in ancient times.

Nor was it the loss of the royal treasury at Toulouse, which Gregory of Tours writes Clovis took into his possession.

Apart from the lost Handboc or Encheiridion, which seems to have been a commonplace book kept by the king, the earliest work to be translated was the Dialogues of Gregory the Great, a book greatly popular in the Middle Ages.

Alfred's first translation was of Pope Gregory the Great's Pastoral Care, which he prefaced with an introduction explaining why he thought it necessary to translate works such as this one from Latin into English.

On 20 August 1233, Andrew had a meeting with the legate of Pope Gregory IX in the woods of Bereg, and they made an agreement which ensured the privileges of the clergy.

He was one of the seven cardinals who, in May 1408, deserted Pope Gregory XII, and, with those following Antipope Benedict XIII from Avignon, convened the Council of Pisa, of which Cossa became the leader.

Four of the most notable English Abbeys are the Basilica of St Gregory the Great at Downside, commonly known as Downside Abbey, Ealing Abbey in Ealing, West London and St. Lawrence's in Yorkshire ( Ampleforth Abbey ) and Worth Abbey which has appeared in two BBC2 TV programmes ; ' The Monastery ( BBC TV series )' and ' The Big Silence '.

St. Gregory VII having, indeed, abridged the order of prayers, and having simplified the Liturgy as performed at the Roman Court, this abridgment received the name of Breviary, which was suitable, since, according to the etymology of the word, it was an abridgment.

Gregory VII ( pope 1073 – 1085 ), too, simplified the liturgy as performed at the Roman court, and gave his abridgment the name of Breviary, which thus came to denote a work which from another point of view might be called a Plenary, involving as it did the collection of several works into one.

Augustine, Hilary, Athanasius, Isidore, Gregory the Great and others, and formed part of the library of which the Breviary was the ultimate compendium.

He received some votes in the 1605 conclaves which elected Pope Leo XI, Pope Paul V, and in 1621 when Pope Gregory XV was elected, but only in the second conclave of 1605 was he papabile.

* Omega and why maths has no TOEs article based on one written by Gregory Chaitin which appeared in the August 2004 edition of Mathematics Today, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Alan Turing's death.

This was known as the Gregorian Reform, which takes its name from Pope Gregory VII, ( 1073 – 85 ).

Urban II preached the First Crusade, which united Western Europe, and more importantly, reconciled the majority of bishops who had abandoned Gregory VII.

Clark Kent's favorite movie is To Kill a Mockingbird ( in which Gregory Peck wears glasses not unlike Kent's ).

On 4 July 1415 the Bull of Gregory XII which appointed Malatesta and Cardinal Dominici of Ragusa as his proxies at the council was formally read before the assembled Bishops.

The cardinal then read a decree of Gregory XII which convoked the council and authorized its succeeding acts.

Former Pope Gregory XII was then created titular Cardinal Bishop of Porto and Santa Ruffina by the Council, with rank immediately below the Pope ( which made him the highest-ranking person in the Church, since, due to his abdication, the See of Peter was vacant ).

James Gregory ( 1638 – 1675 ) observed the diffraction patterns caused by a bird feather, which was effectively the first diffraction grating to be discovered.