Some open-source wiki applications, though they do not specifically bill themselves as enterprise solutions, have marketing materials geared for enterprise users, like Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware and MediaWiki.

Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware is an example of wiki software that is designed to support such features at its core.

Early in his career, he created the first real-time collaborative graphic design application as a software engineer at Groupware.

The term itself has its roots in social software and Groupware, computer applications designed for the desktop environment and aiming at facilitating various forms of social interaction, with the former being oriented to Internet-based informal exchanges, daily tasks and entertainment and the latter focusing on collaborative work ( CSCW ) or learning ( CSCL ) within a well defined group.

While the term social software, introduced by Clay Shirky in recent years, has gained much popularity, Groupware is not anymore a trendy word, even if it has a strong tradition that goes back to the Eighties.

From this perspective, MoSoSo is more similar to social software than Groupware applications, which aimed at increasing productivity and teamwork at work or at school.

Groupware can be divided into three categories depending on the level of collaboration:

Christopher Allen supported this definition and traced the core ideas of this concept back through Computer Supported Cooperative or Collaborative Work ( CSCW ) in the 1990s, Groupware in the 1970s and 1980s, to Englebart ’ s " augmentation " ( 1960s ) and Bush ’ s " Memex " ( 1940s ).

Doug Engelbart first envisioned collaborative computing in 1951 Doug Engelbart-Father of Groupware, documented his vision in 1962, with working prototypes in full operational use by his research team by the mid 1960s, and held the first public demonstration of his work in 1968 in what is now referred to as " The Mother of All Demos.

* Dave Chaffey: Groupware, Workflow and Intranets: Reengineering the Enterprise with Collaborative Software, Digital Press, ISBN 1-55558-184-6

Groupware goes hand in hand with CSCW.

In a business process, groupware and electronic meeting systems complement each other: Groupware supports teams when researching and creating documents in the run up to an EMS session or when implementing the results of such a session.

" Groupware integrates co-evolving human and tool systems, yet is simply a single system.

* Alan R. Simon, William Marion: Workgroup Computing: Workflow, Groupware, and Messaging, McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-057628-9

Groupware and other Computer Supported Collaborative Work ( CSCW ) platforms are now the stage of Network Creativity on the web or on other private networks.

Groupware applications now add " project management " features that directly support this type of workflow-oriented project management.

For instance, Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware has a fine-grained permission system of detailed access control so the site administrator can, on a page-by-page basis, determine which groups can view, edit or view the history.

** Developer rooms: Ada, BSD + PostgreSQL, CentOS + Fedora, CrossDesktop, Debian, Drupal, Embedded, Free Java, GNOME, GNUStep + Groupware, Jabber + XMPP, KDE, Mozilla, OpenOffice. org, openSUSE, Ruby on Rails, X. org

These systems include Confluence, Drupal, MediaWiki, MoinMoin, Moodle, Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware, Trac, TWiki and WikkaWiki.

Since March 2006 Open-Xchange Server supports SSL and TLS, thereby enabling encrypted communication between the clients and the Groupware server.

Auto Installers are a bundle of scripts which automate the installation ( and update of ) web applications such as WordPress, SMF, phpBB, Drupal, Joomla !, Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware, Geeklog, Moodle, MagicSpam WHMCS, and ZamFoo.

Jon Udell's influential Practical Internet Groupware is a standard design guide for networked collaboration tools.

*-CSCW and Groupware Literature Guide: Randy's Reviews, Recommendations, and ( Optional ) Referrals.

Horde Groupware Webmail Edition extends the Horde Groupware by the Horde e-mail applications IMP and Ingo.

Abstraction allows program designers to separate categories and concepts from instances of implementation, so that they do not depend on software or hardware.

Thus designers of calculators strive to minimize the number of logic elements on the chip, not the number of clock cycles needed to do a computation.

# Designers do not work this way – extensive empirical evidence has demonstrated that designers do not act as the rational model suggests.

Mistakes do occur and the designers of reactors at Fukushima in Japan did not anticipate that a tsunami generated by an earthquake would disable the backup systems that were supposed to stabilize the reactor after the earthquake.

Conversely, Scheme contains multiple coherent subsets that suffice to construct the rest of the language as library macros, and so the language designers do not even bother to say which portions of the language must be implemented as language constructs, and which must be implemented as parts of a library.

Such schemes do not relieve user and administrators from choosing reasonable single passwords, nor system designers or administrators from ensuring that private access control information passed among systems enabling single sign-on is secure against attack.

CPU designers therefore tried to make instructions that would do as much work as feasible.

Marc Miller, one of the original designers of the Traveller RPG for Game Designer's Workshop, said that the idea for creating Traveller came about when he said " I want to do Dungeons & Dragons in space.

Type design is a closely related craft, which some consider distinct and others a part of typography ; most typographers do not design typefaces, and some type designers do not consider themselves typographers.

Industrial designers do not design the gears or motors that make machines move, or the circuits that control the movement ( that task is usually attributed to engineers ), but they can affect technical aspects through usability design and form relationships.

Their design framework known as the Design Genetic Matrix determines a set of competences in 4 key genes that are identified to define the make up of designers and communicate to a wide audience what they do.

David Byrne comments, " We don ’ t do covers that look like folkloric records or like academic records of obscure material of interest only to musicologists and a few weird fringe types ... we work with the designers to come up with a graphic statement that says " this music is relevant to your life.

* Programmers do the technical specification during the design phase, which is why they are called programmers / designers, and during testing time they fix bugs.

In the end, the M3 in the CBI theater performed the mission its original designers had intended it to do: that of supporting the infantry.

In particular, designers were encouraged to choose measures that helped inform the answer to the question " How do we look to shareholders?

He loved clothes and Italian designers and was picky with designer labels in private-only the best would do.

Smaller, less complicated projects often do not require a licensed professional, and the design of such projects is often undertaken by building designers, draftspersons, interior designers ( for interior fit-outs or renovations ), or contractors.

Even after becoming a well-known actress in Bollywood, she continues do model and wal ramps for designers, as a celebrity guest.

* The designers felt that they " had failed to do the Dwarf ' archetype ' justice in its 40K incarnation ", and that the Squats were more of a joke race.

Micromanagement has been perceived in different ways by game designers and players for many years: some players and designers perceive it as a useful addition to games that adds options and technique to the gameplay, and one that is necessary if the game is to support top-level competitions ; and some enjoy opportunities to use tactical skill in combat games ; other gamers regard it as an unwelcomed distraction from higher levels of strategic thinking, dislike having to do a lot of detailed work, and some games try to minimize micromanagement in the game interfaces.