Gruffudd this time embarked from Waterford with a force composed of Danes and Irish and landed near St David's, presumably by prior arrangement with Rhys.

In 1114 he joined Henry on campaign in Wales against Gruffudd ap Cynan of Gwynedd.

The scene shows Alexander III of Scotland and Llywelyn ap Gruffudd of Wales on either side of Edward ; an episode that never actually occurred.

War broke out again when Llywelyn's brother Dafydd ap Gruffudd attacked Hawarden Castle on Palm Sunday 1282.

When Gruffudd first appeared on the scene in Wales the Welsh annals several times refer to him as " grandson of Iago " rather than the more usual " son of Cynan ", indicating that his father was little known in Wales.

Gruffudd was imprisoned in Earl Hugh's castle at Chester for many years while Earl Hugh and Robert of Rhuddlan went on to take possession of Gwynedd, building castles at Bangor, Wales Bangor, Caernarfon and Aberlleiniog.

Gruffudd reappeared on the scene years later, having escaped from captivity.

He picked Gruffudd up, fetters and all, and carried him out of the city on his shoulders.

Maund on the other hand favours 1097, pointing out that there is no reference to Gruffudd in the contemporary annals until 1098.

Gruffudd again took refuge in Ireland but returned to Gwynedd to lead the assaults on Norman castles such as Aber Lleiniog.

The see had been effectively vacant since Bishop Hervey le Breton had been forced to flee by the Welsh almost twenty years before, since Gruffudd and King Henry could not agree on a candidate.

David went on to rebuild Bangor Cathedral with a large financial contribution from Gruffudd.

The Friary, on the opposite shore of the Menai to Abergwyngregyn, had been founded by Llywelyn Fawr, the grandfather of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, in memory of his wife Joan ( Eleanor's aunt ).

According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a raid by Gruffudd ap Llywelyn on Leominster in 1052 resulted in the Battle of Llanllieni, between the Welsh and a combined force of Normans and English Saxons.

Ioan Gruffudd had shown interest in participating in more Hornblower films, and on 20 February 2007, he discussed the possibility of a big-screen version of Hornblower, and was attempting to gain the rights to the books by C. S.

Gruffudd was born on 6 October 1973 in Llwydcoed, near Aberdare, Cynon Valley, in the county borough of Rhondda Cynon Tâf, south Wales.

Gruffudd started his acting career at the age of 13 in a Welsh television film called Austin ( 1986 ) and then later moved on to the Welsh language soap opera Pobol y Cwm ( People of the Valley ) from 1987 to 1994. He also played football with the Pobol y Cwm football team Cwmderi FC alongside co-stars Hywel Emrys, Gwyn Elfyn and Ieuan Rhys.

In the 13th century, Llywelyn Fawr, his son Dafydd ap Llywelyn and grandson Llywelyn ap Gruffudd had Abergwyngregyn on the north coast as their home.

Joan, Lady of Wales, died there in 1237 ; Dafydd ap Llywelyn in 1246 ; Eleanor de Montfort, Lady of Wales, wife of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales (" Tywysog Cymru " in modern Welsh ), on 19 June 1282, giving birth to a daughter, Gwenllian.

When Gruffudd first appeared on the scene in Wales the Welsh annals several times refer to him as " grandson of Iago " rather than the more usual " son of Cynan ", indicating that his father was little known in Wales.

1277-83 ) elegy on the death of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, is one of the most notable poems of the era.

The English viewed it very differently and considered the title to be bestowed by them and with their grace on only Dafydd ap Llywelyn in 1240 and Llywelyn ap Gruffudd in 1267.

Joan died at Abergwyngregyn in 1237 ; Dafydd ap Llywelyn died there in 1246 ; Eleanor de Montfort, Lady of Wales, wife of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, died there on 19 June 1282, giving birth to a baby, Gwenllian of Wales

Gwenllian's uncle, Dafydd ap Gruffudd, assumed her guardianship, but on 21 June 1283 he was captured with his family at Nanhysglain, a secret hiding place in a bog by Bera Mawr in the uplands of North Wales.

The seat of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, the last native Prince of Wales, his daughter Gwenllian of Wales was born here in June 1282 and his wife, Eleanor de Montfort, died here as a result of the birth on 19 June 1282.

Owain's father, Gruffudd ap Cynan, was a strong and long-lived ruler who had made the principality of Gwynedd the most influential in Wales during the sixty-two years of his reign, using the island of Anglesey as his power base.

Gruffudd and his ally Cadwgan ap Bleddyn retreated to Anglesey, but then were forced to flee to Ireland in a skiff when a fleet he had hired from the Danish settlement in Ireland accepted a better offer from the Normans and changed sides.

The Normans were obliged to evacuate Anglesey, and the following year Gruffudd returned from Ireland to take possession again, having apparently come to an agreement with Earl Hugh of Chester.

When Robert was killed by a Welsh raiding party in 1088 Hugh took over these lands, becoming ruler of most of North Wales, but he lost Anglesey and much of the rest of Gwynedd in the Welsh revolt of 1094, led by Gruffudd ap Cynan, who had escaped from captivity.

Gruffudd ap Cynan retreated to Anglesey, but then was forced to flee to Ireland when a fleet he had hired from the Danish settlement in Ireland changed sides.

* Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd, Lord of Anglesey ( d. 1195 ) = Annest ferch Rhys ap Gruffudd

It appears that Madog returned to Gwynedd after the death of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd in 1282 and received lands from the King of England in Anglesey.

Gruffydd formed an alliance with Gwynedd, and later in 1136 the sons of Gruffudd ap Cynan, Owain Gwynedd and Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd, led an army to Ceredigion.

* Places and artifacts associated with Rhys ap Gruffudd from Gathering the Jewels

In 1081 Gruffudd ap Cynan, who had just won the throne of Gwynedd from Trahaearn ap Caradog at the Battle of Mynydd Carn was enticed to a meeting with the Earl of Chester and Earl of Shrewsbury and promptly seized and imprisoned, leading to the seizure of much of Gwynedd by the Normans.

In 1194, with the aid of his cousins Gruffudd ap Cynan and Maredudd ap Cynan, he defeated Dafydd at the battle of Aberconwy at the mouth of the River Conwy.

Through his mother Gruffudd had close family connections with the Norse settlement around Dublin and he frequently used Ireland as a refuge and as a source of troops.

Through his mother, who appears in the list of the fair women of Ireland in the Book of Leinster, Gruffudd claimed relationships with many of the leading septs in Ireland.

Gruffudd fled to Ireland but in 1081 returned and made an alliance with Rhys ap Tewdwr prince of Deheubarth.

The armies of the two confederacies met at the Battle of Mynydd Carn, with Gruffudd and Rhys victorious and Trahaearn, Caradog and Meilyr all being killed.

Gruffudd had not been king very long when he was enticed to a meeting with Hugh Earl of Chester and Hugh Earl of Shrewsbury at Rug, near Corwen.

The king had to come to terms with Gruffudd and made no further attempt to invade Gwynedd during Gruffudd's reign.

Owain and Cadwaladr in alliance with Gruffudd ap Rhys of Deheubarth gained a crushing victory over the Normans at Crug Mawr near Cardigan in 1136 and took possession of Ceredigion.

The latter part of Guffydd's reign was considered to be a " Golden Age "; according to the Life of Gruffudd ap Cynan Gwynedd was " bespangled with lime-washed churches like the stars in the firmament ".

According to the chroniclers, Nicholas Trivet, William Rishanger and others, Earl Simon had earlier made an alliance with Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, whereby it was agreed that Llywelyn and Eleanor would marry.

Countess Eleanor died in Spring 1275, and shortly afterwards Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, the Prince of Wales, and Eleanor de Montfort married by proxy, ( per nuncios ) per verba de presenti ( Canon law endorsed a marital bond that was made in this way, with the full consent of both of the individuals, before witnesses ).

He conspired with his cousins Gruffudd and Maredudd and his uncle Rhodri and in the year 1194 they all united against Dafydd, defeated him at the Battle of Aberconwy and " drove him to flight and took from him all his territory except three castles ".

Nevertheless, Goronwy ap Heilin had committed himself to the struggle and died in rebellion, alongside the disinherited princes who stood with Dafydd ap Gruffudd in the last springtime of the principality of Wales, diehards who knew that theirs was not the heroism of a new beginning but the ultimate stand of the very last cohort clutching the figment of the political order that they had once been privileged to know.

From his base in Pembrokeshire he was a mainstay of the English campaigns against Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and later Dafydd ap Gruffudd ; in the war of 1282 – 3 that led to the conquest of Wales he negotiated the surrender of one of Dafydd's last remaining castles, Castell-y-Bere, with its custodian, Cynfrig ap Madog.