* Gruffudd, born about 1375, was captured and confined by the English in Nottington Castle and taken to the Tower of London in 1410.

Rhys ap Gruffydd or ap Gruffudd ( Anglicised to " Griffith ") ( 1132 – 28 April 1197 ) was the ruler of the kingdom of Deheubarth in south Wales.

Rhys was the second son of Gruffydd ap Rhys, ruler of part of Deheubarth, and Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd, daughter of Gruffudd ap Cynan, king of Gwynedd.

In 1282, Llywelyn was killed during Edward I of England's invasion of Wales, possibly by Sir Anthony de Tipton, who was knighted by the King of England afterward, and although his brother Dafydd ap Gruffudd succeeded to the Welsh princeship, issuing documents as prince, his principate was not recognised by the English Crown.

In 1081 Gruffudd ap Cynan, who had just won the throne of Gwynedd from Trahaearn ap Caradog at the Battle of Mynydd Carn was enticed to a meeting with the Earl of Chester and Earl of Shrewsbury and promptly seized and imprisoned, leading to the seizure of much of Gwynedd by the Normans.

Gruffudd ap Cynan was eventually able to build a strong kingdom in Gwynedd.

Llywelyn was probably not in fact master of all Gwynedd at this time since it was his cousin Gruffudd ap Cynan who promised homage to King John for Gwynedd in 1199.

Owain's father, Gruffudd ap Cynan, was a strong and long-lived ruler who had made the principality of Gwynedd the most influential in Wales during the sixty-two years of his reign, using the island of Anglesey as his power base.

Sir Owen Meredith Tudor ( ; c. 1400 – 2 February 1461 ) was a Welsh soldier and courtier, descended from a daughter of the Welsh prince Rhys ap Gruffudd, " Lord Rhys ".

Ankst was a Welsh independent record label formed in 1988 at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth by Alun Llwyd, Gruffudd Jones and Emyr Glyn Williams.

By the mid-eleventh century, Wales was united under Gruffudd ap Llywelyn of Gwynedd, until his death in 1063.

It was directed by Martin Jarvis, and featured Michael York, Joanne Whalley, Ioan Gruffudd and Ian Ogilvy.

Gruffudd ap Cynan ( c. 1055 – 1137 ) was a King of Gwynedd.

As a descendant of Rhodri Mawr, Gruffudd ap Cynan was a senior member of the princely house of Aberffraw.

According to the Life of Gruffudd ap Cynan, Gruffudd was born in Dublin and reared near Swords, County Dublin in Ireland.

When Gruffudd first appeared on the scene in Wales the Welsh annals several times refer to him as " grandson of Iago " rather than the more usual " son of Cynan ", indicating that his father was little known in Wales.

Cynan ap Iago seems to have died while Gruffudd was still young, since the History describes his mother telling him who his father was.

He was joined here by a force of his supporters from Gwynedd, and he and Rhys marched north to seek Trahaearn ap Caradog and Caradog ap Gruffudd who had themselves made an alliance and been joined by Meilyr ap Rhiwallon of Powys.

Gruffudd had not been king very long when he was enticed to a meeting with Hugh Earl of Chester and Hugh Earl of Shrewsbury at Rug, near Corwen.

With the death of Hugh of Chester in 1101 Gruffudd was able to consolidate his position in Gwynedd, as much by diplomacy as by force.

One of these, Gruffudd ap Llywelyn, originally from Powys, displaced the Aberffraw line from Gwynedd making himself ruler there, and by 1055 was able to make himself king of most of Wales.

Gruffudd had left four sons, and a period of internal conflict between three of these ended in the rise to power of Llywelyn ap Gruffydd ( also known as Llywelyn the Last Leader ).

Llywelyn's grandson, Llywelyn the Last, took power in 1255 and imprisoned his brother Owain ap Gruffudd before extending his power across Wales.

In 1114 he joined Henry on campaign in Wales against Gruffudd ap Cynan of Gwynedd.

After driving Walter de Clifford out of Cantref Bychan, Gruffydd set off to Gwynedd to enlist the help of his father-in-law, Gruffudd ap Cynan.

Gruffydd formed an alliance with Gwynedd, and later in 1136 the sons of Gruffudd ap Cynan, Owain Gwynedd and Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd, led an army to Ceredigion.

Gruffudd ap Cynan died in 1200 and left Llywelyn the undisputed ruler of Gwynedd.

Gruffudd laid the foundations which were built upon by his son Owain Gwynedd and his great-grandson Llywelyn the Great.

During his many struggles to gain the kingship of Gwynedd, Gruffudd received considerable aid from Ireland, both from the Hiberno-Norse at Dublin, but also those at Wexford, and also from Muircheartach Ua Briain.

Gruffudd made his first attempt to take over the rule of Gwynedd in 1075, following the death of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn.

Gruffudd landed on Anglesey with an Irish force, and with the assistance of troops provided by the Norman Robert of Rhuddlan first defeated and killed Cynwrig ap Rhiwallon, an ally of Trahaearn who held Llŷn, then defeated Trahaearn himself in the battle of Gwaed Erw in Meirionnydd and gained control of Gwynedd.

Gruffudd was imprisoned in Earl Hugh's castle at Chester for many years while Earl Hugh and Robert of Rhuddlan went on to take possession of Gwynedd, building castles at Bangor, Wales Bangor, Caernarfon and Aberlleiniog.

Gruffudd again took refuge in Ireland but returned to Gwynedd to lead the assaults on Norman castles such as Aber Lleiniog.

The king had to come to terms with Gruffudd and made no further attempt to invade Gwynedd during Gruffudd's reign.

The latter part of Guffydd's reign was considered to be a " Golden Age "; according to the Life of Gruffudd ap Cynan Gwynedd was " bespangled with lime-washed churches like the stars in the firmament ".

Brân is praised in the poetry of 12th century bard Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr, in which he is described as " a good commander of the host ; in battle, in hostile territory, in the contest, in stress ", while, in his elegy for Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales, Bleddyn Fardd compares the overthrow of the prince to the deaths of Llywelyn Fawr, King Arthur and Brân.

Unusually for a Welsh king or prince, a near-contemporary biography of Gruffudd, The history of Gruffudd ap Cynan, has survived.

Much of our knowledge of Gruffudd comes from this source, though allowance has to be made for the fact that it appears to have been written as dynastic propaganda for one of Gruffudd's descendants.

The History in one place states that Gruffudd was imprisoned for twelve years, in another that he was imprisoned for sixteen years.

His daughter, Gwenllian, who married Gruffudd ap Rhys of Deheubarth, son of his old ally Rhys ap Tewdwr, is also notable for her resistance to English rule.

Gruffudd has said: " It was quite something for an unknown actor to get the lead.

Since 20 February 2007, Gruffudd has been making plans to obtain rights to the Horatio Hornblower novels in order to produce a film for the big screen.

Rhys's grandson Rhys ap Gruffudd fell out of favour and was executed by Henry VIII for treason in 1531.

As the film starts, Arthur and his remaining knights Lancelot ( Ioan Gruffudd ), Bors ( Ray Winstone ), Tristan ( Mads Mikkelsen ), Gawain ( Joel Edgerton ), Galahad ( Hugh Dancy ) and Dagonet ( Ray Stevenson ) are expecting discharge from the service of the Empire after faithfully serving for 15 years ( Lancelot's voiceover is heard at the beginning and end of the film, and his entry into service as a youth in AD 452 is depicted at the beginning ).

Vanora is believed to be an early identity of Guenevere ; the Vanora of the film is also some-time mistress to fellow Sarmatian knight Lancelot ( Ioan Gruffudd ), who is strongly hinted to be the father of Bors ' youngest child, and possibly others ( for example Gilly, the eldest ), as they have dark hair whereas neither of their parents do.

Cynan may have died fairly soon after the birth of their son Gruffudd ap Cynan, for the near-contemporary biography of Gruffydd details Cynan's ancestry but does not refer to him in its account of Gruffydd's youth ; describing Gruffydd's mother telling him who his father was and what patrimony he could claim.

He also appeared in the Westlife video for " Uptown Girl ", along with Robert Bathurst, Crispin Bonham-Carter, Ioan Gruffudd and James Wilby.

Gwenllian and the daughters of her uncle Dafydd ap Gruffudd were all confined for life in remote priories in Lincolnshire, and never allowed freedom.

Owain ap Gruffudd, ( also known as Owain Goch ( Owain the Red )), ( died 1282 ), was brother to Llywelyn the Last and Dafydd ap Gruffudd and, for a brief period in the late 1240s and early 1250s, ruler of part of the Kingdom of Gwynedd ( in modern-day north Wales ).

The video for this song was shot in a Cafe setting with Claudia Schiffer as the title character, while Robert Bathurst, James Wilby, Ioan Gruffudd, Crispin Bonham-Carter and Tim McInnerny were featured as high class customers.

Quest for King Arthur is a 2004 History Channel production introduced by Ioan Gruffudd and narrated by Patrick Stewart.

Ioan Gruffudd, Jessica Alba, Michael Chiklis, Chris Evans and Julian McMahon reprise their roles for the game.

The ' castle ' was actually two, built one after the other at opposite ends of the hill by the English lord Roger Mortimer of Wigmore during his battles with Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales, for the cantref of Maelienydd.