Sarpi wrote on projectile motion in the period 1578 – 84, in the tradition of Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia ; and then again in reporting on Guidobaldo del Monte's ideas in 1592, possibly by then having met Galileo Galilei.

In 1502, Cesare Borgia, with the connivance of his Papal father, Alexander VI, dispossessed Duke Guidobaldo and Elisabetta Gonzaga.

Guidobaldo I, who was heirless, called Francesco Maria at his court, and named him as heir of the Duchy of Urbino in 1504, this through the intercession of Julius II.

Those who escaped the Inquisition were received at Pesaro by Guidobaldo II della Rovere, Duke of Urbino.

Simple local wares were being made in the 15th century at Urbino, but after 1520 the Della Rovere dukes, Francesco Maria I della Rovere and his successor Guidobaldo II, encouraged the industry, which exported wares throughout Italy, first in a manner called istoriato using engravings after Mannerist painters, then in a style of light arabesques and grottesche after the manner of Raphael's stanze at the Vatican.

Guidobaldo studied mathematics at the University of Padua in 1564.

In fact Guidobaldo may have known Tasso before they studied at Padua together, for Tasso was almost exactly the same age as Guidobaldo and had been educated at the court of the Duke of Urbino, with the duke's son, from 1556.

Guidobaldo became a staunch friend of Galileo and helped him again in 1592, when he had to apply to the chair of mathematics at the University of Padua, due to the hatred and machinations of Giovanni de ' Medici, a son of Cosimo I de ' Medici, against Galileo.

* Guidobaldo del Monte, Marchese del Monte, publishes Mechanicorum Liber in Pisa.

Guidobaldo da Montefeltro and Giovanni Maria da Varano returned to Urbino and Camerino, and Fossombrone revolted.

Guidobaldo da Montefeltro adopted Francesco Maria I della Rovere, his sister's child and nephew of Pope Julius II.

She further displayed a shrewd political acumen in her negotiations with Cesare Borgia, who had dispossessed Guidobaldo da Montefeltro, duke of Urbino, the husband of her sister-in-law and good friend Elisabetta Gonzaga in 1502.

* April 10 – Guidobaldo da Montefeltro, Italian condottiero ( b. 1472 )

Federico was succeeded by his son Guidobaldo da Montefeltro, who married Elisabetta Gonzaga, daughter of the ruler of Mantua, the most brilliant of the smaller Italian courts for both music and the visual arts.

Guidobaldo had hoped to have the Jews and conversos of Turkey select Pesaro as a commercial center ; when that did not happen, he expelled the New Christians from Pesaro and other districts in 1558 ( ib.

It drew on many authors, both classical writers and moderns such as Guidobaldo del Monte and Marin Mersenne.

* Guidobaldo II della Rovere, Duke of Urbino, commissioned the famous Venus of Urbino painting.

Guidobaldo I ( 1492-1508 ) was forced to flee Urbino to escape the armies of Cesare Borgia.

Guidobaldo del Monte.

Guidobaldo del Monte ( 11 January 1545-6 January 1607, var.

Guidobaldo del Monte was born in Pesaro.

The Duke of Urbino, Duke Guidobaldo II, honoured him with the title Marchese del Monte so the family had only become a noble one in the generation before Guidobaldo.

On the death of his father Guidobaldo inherited the title of Marchese.

Guidobaldo then served as a soldier in the ensuing conflict in Hungary between the Habsburg Empire and the Ottoman Empire.

Saint Joseph, Abbot of Volokolamsk ( 1439 – 1515 ), wrote a number of influential works against heresy, and about monastic and liturgical discipline, and Christian philanthropy.

Wallace was a prolific author who wrote on both scientific and social issues ; his account of his adventures and observations during his explorations in Indonesia and Malaysia, The Malay Archipelago, was one of the most popular and influential journals of scientific exploration published during the 19th century.

In about 723, Bede wrote a longer work on the same subject, On the Reckoning of Time, which was influential throughout the Middle Ages.

His works were so influential that late in the 9th century Notker the Stammerer, a monk of the Monastery of St. Gall in Switzerland, wrote that " God, the orderer of natures, who raised the Sun from the East on the fourth day of Creation, in the sixth day of the world has made Bede rise from the West as a new Sun to illuminate the whole Earth ".

Cotton Mather wrote more than 450 books and pamphlets, and his ubiquitous literary works made him one of the most influential religious leaders in America.

Will Wright wrote that Alexander's work was influential in the origin of The Sims computer game, and in his later game Spore.

Time wrote it had " grown from its place as the most influential fall film festival to the most influential film festival, period.

Douglass wrote several autobiographies, eloquently describing his experiences in slavery in his 1845 autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, which became influential in its support for abolition.

He studied and later lectured at Heythrop College and, seeing the poor standard of philosophical teaching in seminaries, wrote an influential nine-volume History of Philosophy ( 1946 – 75 ), which is highly respected.

* Boethius ( c. 480 – 524 ), who also wrote a theological treatise On the Trinity, repeated the Macrobian model of the Earth in the center of a spherical cosmos in his influential, and widely translated, Consolation of Philosophy.

* The monk Bede ( c. 672 – 735 ) wrote in his influential treatise on computus, The Reckoning of Time, that the Earth was round (' not merely circular like a shield spread out like a wheel, but resembl more a ball '), explaining the unequal length of daylight from " the roundness of the Earth, for not without reason is it called ' the orb of the world ' on the pages of Holy Scripture and of ordinary literature.

In the 12th century, German Benedictine abbess Hildegard von Bingen ( 1098 – 1179 ) wrote several influential theological, botanical, and medicinal texts, as well as letters, liturgical songs, poems, and arguably the oldest surviving morality play, while supervising brilliant miniature Illuminations.

The foremost Roman historian, he wrote an extremely influential account on Rome in the first century, the Annals.

Avicenna, considered among the most influential medical scholars in history, wrote The Canon of Medicine ( 1025 ) and The Book of Healing ( 1027 ), which remained standard textbooks in both Muslim and European universities until the 17th century.

He wrote a favorable encyclopedia article on hypnotism, translated one of Bernheim's works into German, and published an influential series of case studies with his colleague Joseph Breuer entitled Studies on Hysteria ( 1895 ).

Together they wrote an influential 1995 book The Major Transitions in Evolution, a seminal work which continues to contribute to ongoing issues in evolutionary biology.

* Alberti wrote an influential work on architecture, De Re Aedificatoria, which by the 18th century had been translated into Italian, French, Spanish and English.

Hu Shih, a pivotal figure of the first half of the twentieth century, wrote an influential and perceptive study of this literary tradition, entitled Báihuà Wénxuéshǐ ( A History of Vernacular Literature ).

The English cleric Richard Cumberland wrote a lengthy and influential attack on Hobbes's depiction of individual self-interest as the essential feature of human motivation.

Michael Specter wrote that Singer is among the most influential of contemporary philosophers.

Ptolemy also wrote an influential work, Harmonics, on music theory and the mathematics of music.

As the preeminent Athenian historian, Thucydides, wrote in his influential History of the Peloponnesian War, " The growth of the power of Athens, and the alarm which this inspired in Lacedaemon, made war inevitable.

Proclus also wrote an influential commentary on the first book of Euclid's Elements of Geometry.

Heinlein grew up in the era of racial segregation in the United States and wrote some of his most influential fiction at the height of the US civil rights movement.