Gutzman argues that in 1798, Madison was caught up in partisanship and espoused states ' rights to defeat national legislation he maintained was a threat to republicanism.

* Gutzman, Kevin., " The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Reconsidered: ' An Appeal to the _Real Laws_ of Our Country ,'" Journal of Southern History 66 ( 2000 ), 473 – 96.

* Gutzman, Kevin R. C. " The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Reconsidered: ' An Appeal to the Real Laws of Our Country '," Journal of Southern History, ( Aug 2000 ), Vol.

* Kevin R. C. Gutzman, " Preserving the Patrimony: William Branch Giles and Virginia vs.

* Gutzman, Kevin, "' O, What a Tangled Web We Weave ...': James Madison and the Compound Republic ", Continuity 22 ( 1998 ), 19 – 29.

* Gutzman, Kevin, " A Troublesome Legacy: James Madison and the ' Principles of ' 98 ,'" Journal of the Early Republic 15 ( 1995 ), 569 – 89.

* Gutzman, Kevin R. C. James Madison and the Making of America ( 2012 )

* Gutzman, Kevin R. C. " A troublesome legacy: James Madison and ` The principles of ' 98 '," Journal of the Early Republic, ( Winter 1995 ), Vol.

Conservative historians Thomas E. Woods, Jr. and Kevin R. C. Gutzman argue that when politicians come to power they exercise all the power they can get, in the process trampling states ' rights.

Constitutional scholar Kevin Gutzman is an advocate for states ' rights.

* Gutzman, Kevin R. C., " Paul to Jeremiah: Calhoun's Abandonment of Nationalism ," The Journal of Libertarian Studies 16 ( 2002 ), 3 – 33.

Gutzman shows that Governor Edmund Randolph designed the protest in the name of moderation.

* Kevin R. C. Gutzman, Virginia's American Revolution: From Dominion to Republic, 1776 – 1840, Lexington Books, 2007.

Gordon Wood, however, argues that Madison's frustrating experience in the Virginia legislature years earlier most shaped his constitutional views.

In Steel Drivin ' Man: John Henry, the Untold Story of an American Legend, Scott Reynolds Nelson, an associate professor of history at the College of William and Mary, argues that John William Henry ( prisoner # 497 in the Virginia penitentiary, released by the warden to work on the C & O Railway in the 1870s ) is the basis for the legendary John Henry.

Virginia Q. Tilley argues that the term implies condemnation of the idea of a Jewish state, but not necessarily of a Jewish presence.

" Hillyer argues that the Confederate Memorial Literary Society ( CMLS ), founded by elite white women in Richmond, Virginia, in the 1890s, exemplifies this solution.

It further argues that the U. S. is legally justified in taking military action by previous UN resolutions, most notably 1441 which states that " serious consequences " would result from a failure to disarm on Iraq's part.

De Wet argues that Chapter VI resolutions cannot be binding.

Lilley argues that many critics struggle with the fact that McCarthy does not use violence for " jury-rigged, symbolic plot resolutions … In McCarthy's work, violence tends to be just that ; it is not a sign or symbol of something else.

This was in response to An Address to the People of Great Britain ( 1798 ), by Richard Watson, Bishop of Llandaff, which argues that national taxes should be raised to pay for the war against France and to reduce the national debt.

Analogously, anyone who argues that Einstein's theory of gravitation is simpler than Newton's, must say rather more to explain how it is that the latter is mastered by student-physicists, while the former can be managed ( with difficulty ) only by accomplished experts.

Proceeding from Parry's conclusions and adopting one of his schemata, Francis P. Magoun, Jr., argues that Beowulf likewise was created from a legacy of oral formulas inherited and extended by bards of successive generations, and the thesis is striking and compelling.

Albert B. Lord suggests that the Homeric poems were dictated to a scribe by a minstrel who held in his mind the poems fully matured but did not himself possess the knowledge of writing since it would be useless to his guild, and Magoun argues that the Beowulf poet and Cynewulf may have dictated their verse in the same fashion.

Burton ( 2008 ) argues that Lincoln's republicanism was taken up by the Freedmen as they were emancipated.

Swift however, Landa argues, is not merely criticizing economic maxims but also addressing the fact that England was denying Irish citizens their natural rights and dehumanizing them by viewing them as a mere commodity.

Furthermore, Roger Garrison argues that a false boom caused by artificially low interest rates would cause a boom in consumption goods as well as investment goods ( with a decrease in " middle goods "), thus explaining the jump in unemployment at the end of a boom.

He argues that this casts doubt on the notion that recessions are caused by a reallocation of resources from industrial production to consumption, since he argues that the Austrian business cycle theory implies that net investment should be below zero during recessions.

Historian Thomas Woods argues that the crashes were caused by various privately-owned banks with state charters that issued paper money, supposedly convertible to gold, in amounts greatly exceeding their gold reserves.

Malraux argues that, while art has sometimes been oriented towards beauty and the sublime ( principally in post-Renaissance European art ) these qualities, as the wider history of art demonstrates, are by no means essential to it.

Major Steven E. Walburn argues in a 1998 article in The Air Force Law Review that this form of guilty plea should be adopted for usage by the United States military.

Bibas argues, " These procedures may be constitutional and efficient, but they undermine key values served by admissions of guilt in open court.

He argues that the term " anti-globalization " is a term coined by the media, and that radical activists are actually more in favor of globalization, in the sense of " effacement of borders and the free movement of people, possessions and ideas " than are the IMF or WTO.

" Clive Ruggles argues it is misleading to consider archaeoastronomy to be the study of ancient astronomy, as modern astronomy is a scientific discipline, while archaeoastronomy considers symbolically rich cultural interpretations of phenomena in the sky by other cultures.

bell hooks argues that black nationalism was largely a patriarchical and misogynist movement, seeking to overcome racial divisions by strengthening sexist ones, and that it readily latched onto the idea of the emasculating black matriarch proposed by Daniel Patrick Moynihan, whose theories bell hooks often criticizes.

In The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture, popular author and text critic Bart D. Ehrman argues that the Adoptionist Theology may date back almost to the time of Jesus and his view is shared by many other scholars.

" A woman cannot be herself in modern society ," he argues, since it is " an exclusively male society, with laws made by men and with prosecutors and judges who assess feminine conduct from a masculine standpoint.

Chapter 17 of William Bates ' 1920 book Perfect Sight Without Glasses, in which the author argues that observation of the sun is beneficial to those with poor vision, includes a figure of somebody " Focussing the Rays of the Sun Upon the Eye of a Patient by Means of a Burning Glass.

Kiernan argues against an 8th-century provenance because this would still require that the poem be transmitted by Anglo-Saxons through the Viking Age, holds that the paleographic and codicological evidence encourages the belief that Beowulf is an 11th-century composite poem, and states that Scribe A and Scribe B are the authors and that Scribe B is the more poignant of the two.

The midrashic book of Jasher argues that prior to revealing his identity, Joseph asked Benjamin to find his missing brother ( i. e. Joseph ) via astrology, using an astrolabe-like tool ; it continues by stating that Benjamin divined that the man on the throne was Joseph, so Joseph identified himself to Benjamin ( but not the other brothers ), and revealed his scheme ( as in the Torah ) to test how fraternal the other brothers were.

Elihu strongly condemns the approach taken by the three friends, and argues that Job is misrepresenting God's righteousness and discrediting his loving character.

Latour suggests that about 90 % of contemporary social criticism in academia displays one of two approaches which he terms “ the fact position and the fairy position .” ( p. 237 ) The fact position is anti-fetishist, arguing that “ objects of belief ” ( e. g., religion, arts ) are merely concepts onto which power is projected ; the “ fairy position ” argues that individuals are dominated, often covertly and without their awareness, by external forces ( e. g., economics, gender ).

William Arens, author of The Man-Eating Myth: Anthropology and Anthropophagy, questions the credibility of reports of cannibalism and argues that the description by one group of people of another people as cannibals is a consistent and demonstrable ideological and rhetorical device to establish perceived cultural superiority.