Haplogroup I ( Y-DNA ), which is typically Scandinavian, is very common in Satakunta.

Remarkably, 63 % of the modern Kyrgyz men share Haplogroup R1a1 ( Y-DNA ) with Tajiks ( 64 %), Ukrainians ( 54 %), Poles ( 56 %) and even Icelanders ( 25 %).

Haplogroup R1a1 ( Y-DNA ) is believed to be a marker of the Proto-Indo-European language speakers.

Genetic studies in the British Isles of the Y-DNA Haplogroup R1a1, seen also across Scandinavia, have demonstrated that the Vikings settled in Britain and Ireland as well as raiding there.

* Haplogroup E1 ( Y-DNA ), a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

Haplogroup R1a ( Y-DNA ) – 19. 8 % to 62. 7 %, with an average of 46. 7 %

Haplogroup N ( Y-DNA ) – 5. 4 % to 53. 7 %, with averages of 21. 6 % ( All regions ), and 10 % ( Central and South Russia )

Haplogroup R1b ( Y-DNA ) – 0 % to 14 %, with an average of 5. 8 %

A subsequent study in 2000 reported more specifically that a substantial number of Lemba men carry a particular haplotype of the Y-chromosome known as the Cohen modal haplotype ( CMH ), as well as, a haplogrup of Y-DNA Haplogroup J found amongst some Jews, but also in other populations across the Middle East and Arabia.

( 2011 ) observed that a moderately high frequency of the studied Lemba samples carried Y-DNA Haplogroup T, which is considered to be of Near Eastern origin.

* Haplogroup N ( Y-DNA ), a former human Y-chromosomal haplogroup, now N1c

* Haplogroup DE ( Y-DNA ), a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup in genetics

* in genetics, the Y-DNA Haplogroup IJ

* Haplogroup G2, a subclade of Haplogroup G ( Y-DNA )

* Haplogroup G ( Y-DNA )

* Haplogroup O3 ( Y-DNA ), a Y-DNA Haplogroup

Studies of human genetics suggest that Georgian Y-DNA typically belongs to Haplogroup J2, also found in Turkey, Greece and Italy, as well as Haplogroup G.

* Haplogroup Q ( Y-DNA ), a Y-chromosomal DNA ( Y-DNA ) haplogroup

* Haplogroup J2 ( Y-DNA ), a Y-DNA haplogroup

The signature Nilotic paternal marker Haplogroup A3b2 was observed in 27 % of the Maasai, 22 % of the Alur, and 11 % of the Luo.

Haplogroup A was observed amongst 62 % of Dinka, 53. 3 % of Shilluk, 46. 4 % of Nuba, 33. 3 % of Nuer, 31. 3 % of Fur and 18. 8 % of Masalit.

Haplogroup B was found in 50 % of Nuer, 26. 7 % of Shilluk, 23 % of Dinka, 14. 3 % of Nuba, 3. 1 % of Fur and 3. 1 % of Masalit.

( 2004 ), two out of a sample of sixteen ( or 12. 5 %) Ainu men have been found to belong to Haplogroup C3, which is the most common Y-chromosome haplogroup among the indigenous populations of the Russian Far East and Mongolia.

Some researchers have speculated that this minority of Haplogroup C3 carriers among the Ainu may reflect a certain degree of unidirectional genetic influence from the Nivkhs, a traditionally nomadic people of northern Sakhalin and the adjacent mainland, with whom the Ainu have long-standing cultural interactions.

MtDNA Haplogroup D is found frequently throughout East Asia and Central Asia, and is also common in some populations of North Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Americas ; in addition, it has been found with low frequency in some populations of Europe and Southwest Asia.

Haplogroup M7a has been found elsewhere mainly among Japanese and Ryukyuans, and with lower frequency among Udegeys, Koreans, Chinese, Filipinos, Taiwanese aborigines, Buryats, Central Asians, and Waars of the Jaintia Hills in Meghalaya, India.

MtDNA Haplogroup G has been found most frequently among indigenous populations of easternmost Siberia, but it is also common among some populations of East Asia, Central Asia, the Altai-Sayan region of southern Siberia, and the sub-Himalayan region.

Recent research suggests that the Scottish warrior Somerled, who drove the Vikings out of Scotland and was the progenitor of Clan Donald, may himself have been of Viking descent — a member of Haplogroup R1a1.

* C. 9500-9000 BC ; In Bryan Sykes ' The Seven Daughters of Eve, the ' clan mother ' of Haplogroup J lives in Asia Minor or the Fertile Crescent.

Haplogroup B, another characteristically Nilotic paternal marker according to Gomes et al.

Within Haplogroup A chromosomes, the M91 marker consists of a stretch of 8 T nucleobase units.

Haplogroups A1b and A1a were considered subclades of Haplogroup A as they both possessed the M91 with 8Ts.

This would explain why subclades A1b and A1a-T, the deepest branches of Haplogroup A, both possess the same version of M91 with 8Ts.

A 2011 Study showed that Marsh Arabs have a high concentration of Haplogroup J1 for males and Haplogroup J having the highest concentration in females with Haplogroup H, Haplogroup U and Haplogroup T having the highest concentrations.

Followed by Haplogroup J especially J1, which is typically Middle Eastern it can reach a frequencies of 35 % in the region, and its highest density is founded in the Arabian Peninsula, Followed by Haplogroup R1 which has been observed in North African though with lower frequency.

In Europe, the spread of the Neolithic culture has been associated with distribution of the E1b1b lineages and Haplogroup J that are thought to have arrived in Europe from North Africa and the Near East respectively.

The Norwegian population is typical of the Northern European population with Haplogroup I1 being most common.

Scientists at TIGR examined two mitochondrial DNA D loop sequences and found that Hypervariable region 1 ( HV1 ) was consistent with Haplogroup A, one of the four Native American gene groups.

* In Blood of the Isles, Bryan Sykes gives the populations associated with Y-DNA Haplogroup R1b the name " Oisín " for a clan patriarch, much as he did for mitochondrial haplogroups in his work The Seven Daughters of Eve.

Genetically, they have been tentatively associated by some authors with mtDNA haplogroup M and Y-chromosome Haplogroup C, the earliest Homo sapiens lineages thought to have migrated outside of Africa.

Recent Y-DNA research has also revealed the genetic trail left by Vikings in the Wirral, specifically relatively high rates of the Haplogroup R1a, associated in Britain with Norse ( Slavic Vikings ) ancestry.

Haplogroup H2 is common only in Europe and in people with European ancestry.

Haplogroup H1 appears to be associated with increased probability of certain dementias, such as Alzheimer's disease.