* Haredi Judaism

The largest Jewish religious movements are Orthodox Judaism ( Haredi Judaism and Modern Orthodox Judaism ), Conservative Judaism and Reform Judaism.

:* Orthodoxy is often divided into Modern Orthodox Judaism and Haredi Judaism.

Subsets of Haredi Judaism include: Hasidic Judaism, which is rooted in the Kabbalah and distinguished by reliance on a Rebbe or religious teacher ; and Sephardic Haredi Judaism, which emerged among Sephardic ( Asian and North African ) Jews in Israel.

Since then differences between the Hasidim and their opponents have slowly diminished and both groups are now considered part of Haredi Judaism.

Orthodox Jews who opposed the Haskalah formed Haredi Orthodox Judaism.

This is indicative of the general population trends among the Jewish community in the Diaspora, but a focus on total population obscures growth trends in some denominations and communities, such as Haredi Judaism.

These four new days are not accepted as religious holidays by all forms of Haredi Judaism, including Hasidic Judaism.

Orthodox Judaism generally refers to Modern Orthodox Judaism and Haredi Judaism but can actually include a wide range of beliefs.

Some observers and scholars refer to this form of Judaism as " Haredi Judaism ", or " Ultra-Orthodox Judaism ".

Ashkenazi Hebrew, originating in Central and Eastern Europe, is still widely used in Ashkenazi Jewish religious services and studies in Israel and abroad, particularly in the Haredi and other Orthodox communities.

Rabbi Weiss is also notable for his ordination of Sara Hurwitz, which was strongly condemned by the Haredi Agudath Yisrael ( which called it non-Orthodox ), and also firmly rejected by the Modern Orthodox Rabbinical Council of America.

Many Haredi or ultra-orthodox Jews are extremely scrupulous about the supervision of their matzah, as eating leavened products during Passover is liable to the extremely grave divine punishment of Kareth ( or a sin-offering if unintentional ); consequently many have the custom of baking their own matzo, or at least participating in some stage of the baking process.

Beth Medrash Govoha, the Haredi yeshiva in Lakewood, New Jersey is the largest Talmudic academy in the United States, with a student body of over 5, 000 students.

The same outlook is applied with regard to obtaining degrees necessary to enter one's intended profession: where tolerated in the Haredi society, attending secular institutions of higher education is viewed as a necessary but inferior activity.

In a practical sense, what distinguishes Hasidic Judaism from other forms of Haredi Judaism is the close-knit organization of Hasidic communities centered around a Rebbe ( sometimes translated as " Grand Rabbi "), and various customs and modes of dress particular to each community.

Another thing that sets Hasidic Judaism apart from general Haredi Judaism is the strong emphasis placed on speaking Yiddish.

However, there is significant disagreement within Orthodox Judaism, particularly between Haredi Judaism and Modern Orthodox Judaism, about the extent and circumstances under which the proper application of Halakha should be re-examined as a result of changing realities.

It is held virtually as a principle of belief among many Haredi Jews that halakhah never changes.

* Agudath Israel of America is the largest and most influential Haredi organization in America.

It is an anti-Zionist, Haredi organization, closely aligned with the Satmar Hasidic group, which has about 100, 000 adherents ( an unknown number of which are rabbis ), and like-minded Haredi groups.

The greatest acceptance of this sequence of events is held within Haredi Judaism.

The curriculum for obtaining semicha (" ordination ") as rabbis for Haredi and Hasidic scholars is the same as described above for all Orthodox students wishing to obtain the official title of " Rabbi " and to be recognized as such.

Consequently, within the world of Haredi Judaism, the English word and title of " Rabbi " for anyone is often scorned and derided, because in their view the once-lofty title of " Rabbi " has been debased in modern times.

Note: A rebbetzin ( a Yiddish usage common among Ashkenazim ) or a rabbanit ( in Hebrew and used among Sephardim ) is the official " title " used for, or by, the wife of any Orthodox, Haredi, or Hasidic rabbi.

The use of Toanot is not restricted to any one segment of Orthodoxy ; In Israel they have worked with Haredi and Modern Orthodox Jews.

" The use of Toanot is not restricted to any one segment of Orthodoxy ; in Israel they have worked with Haredi and Modern Orthodox Jews.

In many cultures, often for religious reasons, women's hair is covered while in public, and in some, such as Haredi Judaism or European Orthodox communities, women's hair is shaved or cut very short, and covered with wigs.

The relationship between Haredi and Modern Orthodox Judaism is more complex ; most Haredi Jews see Modern Orthodox Jews as allies, but they disagree with their accommodations of modernity, and view them as lax in their observance.

) The rabbinate has never been accepted by most Israeli Haredi groups.

Since the 1960s the Chief rabbinate of Israel has moved somewhat closer to the positions of Haredi Judaism.

A number of leaders from all segments of Orthodox Judaism have commented on this issue, but it has had little impact on Haredi and Sephardi Judaism.

Critics of Haredi Judaism see it as a " reform " movement which has warped the values of traditional Judaism.

The Haredi community has gained growing media interest, in particular on the issue of sex segregation in Israel and New York.

" Haredi " has none of the misleading religious implications of " ultra-Orthodox ": in the words of Shilhav ( 1989: 53 ), " they are not necessarily more religious but religious in a different way.

In recent years, there has been a process of reconciliation and a merging of Haredi Jews with Israeli society, for example in relation to employment.

The numbers provided are inconclusive, given the tremendous birthrate of Haredi Jews in Wiliamsburg and Boro Park ; some estimate their population has doubled or tripled in the last 20 years.

While there has been a Haredi presence in the U. S. since the start of the 20th century, the various groups began to emerge as distinctive communities only in the 1950s, with the influx of refugees from the Holocaust in Eastern Europe, who quickly filled leadership positions.

Haredi Judaism has seen a great resurgence in its popularity, and many formerly Modern Orthodox rabbis have been swayed to some degree by their views.

Mesivta Keser Torah of Central Jersey, a Yeshiva and Yeshiva High school for men serves Haredi students mainly from Lakewood, Deal and Brooklyn, has existed since the 1920s.

The Orthodox Jewish communities are close to the more Haredi nearby center of Far Rockaway which has more yeshivas for the children and younger members as well as a variety of kosher restaurants and communal organizations.

This influential range of historical traditions, in forming the diversity of Haredi Judaism today, has given rise to a range of theological responses to the Holocaust.

The response of the wider Haredi and Modern Orthodox communities to this belief has been antagonistic ; the issue remains controversial within the Jewish world.

Yet, Shas always " looks over its shoulder " to see what the Ashkenazi Haredi parties are up to, and usually goes in the same direction as it has similar needs and interests within the state.

According to figures by the municipality of Bnei Brak, the city has a population of over 165, 000 residents, the majority of whom are Haredi Jews.

In a short period of time most of Bnei Brak's secular and Religious Zionist residents migrated elsewhere, and the city has become almost homogeneously Haredi.

Since then, Beit Shemesh has become increasingly religious, with a large Haredi sector.

A style of half wig known as a " fall " has become increasingly common in many segments of Modern and Haredi Orthodox communities.

The Haredi public has requested to operate private bus lines but they were blocked by the transportation ministry.

Following this principle of leniency Yosef has made a number of Halakhic rulings which are significantly more lenient than those made by his Ashkenazi Haredi counterparts.