Classical liberalism is a political ideology, a branch of liberalism which advocates individual liberties and limited government under the rule of law and emphasizes economic freedom.

Free love advocates sometimes traced their roots back to Josiah Warren and to experimental communities, and viewed sexual freedom as a clear, direct expression of an individual's self-ownership.

A key difference between libertarian socialism and capitalist libertarianism is that advocates of the latter generally believe that one's degree of freedom is affected by one's economic and social status, whereas advocates of the former focus on freedom of choice.

Libertarian socialists have been strong advocates and activists of civil liberties that provide an individual specific rights such as the freedom in issues of love and sex ( free love ) ( see Anarchism and issues related to love and sex ) and of thought and conscience ( freethought ).

Frankel was the founder and the most eminent member of the school of historical Judaism, which advocates freedom of research, while upholding the authority of traditional Jewish belief and practice.

The prospect of greater state influence in matters of race worried numerous advocates of civil equalities including Supreme Court justice John Harlan who wrote in his dissent of the Plessy decision, “ we shall enter upon an era of constitutional law, when the rights of freedom and American citizenship cannot receive from the nation that efficient protection which heretofore was unhesitatingly accorded to slavery and the rights of the master.

Concerning Mr. al-Arian, a sometime rallying point for advocates of free speech and academic freedom, the verdict is in: He is not only a terrorist supporter, but a liar, too.

Free love advocates sometimes traced their roots back to Josiah Warren and to experimental communities, viewed sexual freedom as a clear, direct expression of an individual's self-ownership.

Milton ’ s ideas were ahead of his time in the sense that he anticipated the arguments of later advocates of freedom of the press by relating the concept of free will and choice to individual expression and right.

He also advocates federalist concepts as a means of promoting freedom from central government, and also advocates secession for the same political decentralist reasons.

This was done in a graphic contrast to left-wing " liberalism ," which, according to Nolan, advocates only " personal freedom ", and right-wing " conservatism ," which, according to Nolan, advocates only " economic freedom ".

It advocates the value of privacy to children ; the importance of unstructured time ; the joys of boredom ; and the virtues of freedom from adult supervision.

Free market advocates argue that the principle of the rule of law both requires, and is required for economic freedom.

It opposes a licentious libertarianism which advocates " freedom from bourgeois morality, and social authority.

Refers to the advocates in the free software movement who support the freedom of computer users to modify and share the software they use.

Reporters Without Borders ( RWB ) is a French-based international non-governmental organization that advocates freedom of the press and freedom of information.

The Radical Party of the Left (, PRG ) is a social-liberal moderate centre-left political party in France which advocates radicalism, secularism to its French extent known as laïcité, progressivism, pro-Europeanism, individual freedom and differs mainly from the social democrats of the Socialist Party on advocating private property.

Abba Mari possessed considerable Talmudic knowledge and some poetical talent ; but his zeal for the Law made him an agitator and a persecutor of all the advocates of liberal thought.

Within philosophy familiar names include Daniel Dennett who writes from a computational systems perspective, John Searle known for his controversial Chinese room, Jerry Fodor who advocates functionalism, and Douglas Hofstadter, famous for writing Gödel, Escher, Bach, which questions the nature of words and thought.

Postmodernism has also be used interchangeably with the term post-structuralism out of which postmodernism grew, a proper understanding of postmodernism or doing justice to the postmodernist thought demands an understanding of the poststructuralist movement and the ideas of its advocates.

In addition to Surrealist ideas that are grounded in the ideas of Hegel, Marx and Freud, Surrealism is seen by its advocates as being inherently dynamic and as dialectical in its thought.

This thought experiment was interpreted by some as a serious proposal or even a theory ; advocates for intersexual people stated that this theory was wrong, confusing and unhelpful to the interests of intersexual people.

In published books, one of the early advocates of the current school of thought known as biblical minimalism is Giovanni Garbini, Storia e ideologia nell ' Israele antico ( 1986 ), translated into English as History and Ideology in Ancient Israel ( 1988 ).

Furthermore, some states '- rights advocates thought the ERA was a federal power grab, and business interests such as the insurance industry opposed a measure they believed would cost them money.

Religious Zionist thought advocates that both are critical to Jewish survival and prosperity.

Dickerson, a protectionist, believed that it was " improper to blend two subjects so distinct from each other as Commerce and Manufactures " and he was supported in his proposal by fellow Senator James Lloyd of Massachusetts, a free trader, who thought that low tariff advocates on the existing committee were a distinct minority.

He thought it was beneficial to morale: " The disagreeable practice alluded to has been permitted in most ships, because sanctioned by time ; and though many condemn it as an absurd and dangerous piece of folly, it has also many advocates.

The advocates of the campaign thought that because one cannot pick just one person to be the Greatest Finn for their accomplishments, Väinö Myllyrinne would actually be the " biggest Finn " because of his height ( in Finnish, the word suuri means both " big " and " great ").

Malthusian ideas have attracted criticism from a diverse range of differing schools of thought, including Marxists and socialists to libertarians and free market enthusiasts, American conservatives, feminists and human rights advocates.

A majority of MindFreedom members are thought to identify themselves as survivors of human rights violations in the mental health system ; membership, however, is open to anyone who supports human rights, including mental health professionals, advocates, activists and family members.

Mutualism is an economic theory and anarchist school of thought that advocates a society where each person might possess a means of production, either individually or collectively, with trade representing equivalent amounts of labor in the free market.

Solipsism syndrome is distinct from solipsism, which is not a psychological state but rather a philosophical position, namely that nothing exists or can be known to exist outside of one's own mind ; advocates of this philosophy do not necessarily suffer from solipsism syndrome, and sufferers do not necessarily subscribe to solipsism as a school of intellectual thought.

In the 1970s, advocates of the intentionalist school of thought were known as " the straight road to Auschwitz " camp or as the " programmeists ", because they insisted that Hitler was fulfilling a programme.

This may involve holding the thought that " I am that " ( the Absolute ), as in the philosophy of the Advaita Vedanta school and its recent advocates ; or alternatively through a standing back and simply watching the thoughts and sensations arise and pass away ; realizing all the time that they are not a part of one's true Self.

The Faculty of Advocates was established as the body for practising advocates in 1532, though its origins are thought to date from even earlier.

The combination of these features has led Isocracy advocates to claim that they represent " the best elements of the modern traditions of liberal, socialist and anarchist thought.

Besides Mooney and Billings, several persons are thought to have been capable of carrying out such a violent attack, all of them anarchists and advocates of direct action.

The advocates of emergence argue that emergent laws, especially those describing complex or living systems are independent of the low-level, microscopic laws.

The WE Youth Political Organization, which advocates Russian citizenship for Sevastopol residents, published a poll in 2004 claiming " 72 % of the Sevastopol citizens support the idea of the independent status of Crimea.

It advocates the establishment of an independent Welsh state.

Its program advocates an independent Belarus, which does not rule out membership in the CIS, and a market economy with state regulation of certain sectors.

While the independent Bar still exists in a largely unchanged state, a few firms of solicitors now employ their own barristers and solicitor advocates to do some of their court work.

In Scotland, where the independent Bar is organised as the Faculty of Advocates and its members known not as barristers but as advocates, the position of Queen's Counsel was not recognised before 1868.

In response, Pacifica joined forces with other advocates for independent media in the " Radio for People " campaign, helping local groups apply for these full-power licenses.

At a TUC meeting in September 1892 a call was issued for a meeting of advocates of independent labour organisation.

Refugees International is an independent humanitarian organization that advocates for better support for displaced people ( including refugees and internally displaced people ) and stateless people.

RI does not accept any government or UN funding allowing their advocates to be independent.

While leading advocates of local independent business such as the American Independent Business Alliance say the term should apply only to locally-owned independent businesses, some campaigns run by governments and Chambers of Commerce consider local to be merely a geographic consideration.

South Carolina Governor Pickens was among the states ' rights advocates who felt that all property in Charleston harbor had reverted to South Carolina upon that state's secession as an independent commonwealth.

It advocates an independent foreign policy which benefits Australia and its citizens rather than its foreign allies as many members of the faction are unenthusiastic about the Australian – US Alliance.

Christian groups have been involved in the promotion of creationism in South Korea, specifically the Korea Association for Creation Research ( KACR ), which advocates creation following the Book of Genesis, and the Society for Textbook Revise ( STR ), alternative translation Committee to Revise Evolution In Textbook ( CREIT ), an independent offshoot of the KACR, which has distanced itself from KACR doctrine.

Today, the militant wing of the Flemish Movement generally advocates the foundation of an independent Flemish republic, separating from Wallonia.

He advocates an empirical approach to anthropology, through the compilation of data from independent cultures, and then testing hypotheses by subjecting the data to the appropriate statistical tests.

It has received no funding from this source since then and its advocates now say this proves the group is independent of governments.

Greiser's advocates, Stanisław Hejmowski and Jan Kręglewski, tried to convince the Tribunal that Greiser, as a head of formally independent state, the Free City of Danzig, could not be judged by another country, an argument rejected by the court.

" The report is the foundation of a new theory of warfare advocated by British bomber advocates and will inspire the creation of the independent Royal Air Force in 1918.

The National Liberation Front of Corsica (, or ) is a militant group that advocates an independent state on the island of Corsica, separate from France.

As a result, the Plex has outlawed non-combat related education, organized sports such as basketball and personal aircraft, restricted media to only one outlet, the Plex itself ( although it has multiple channels ), and advocates and glorifies the use of political violence amongst independent policlubs by providing money and firearms for its hit TV show Firefight All Night LIVE !, and covertly sterilizes the population by using a combo contraceptive and antibiotic called Mañanacillin to reduce the population.

As stated previously, Kerr has long been an advocate of an independent Northern Ireland and to this end he is the editor of Ulster Nation, the only current publication that advocates this position.

An independent expenditure, in elections in the United States, is a political campaign communication that expressly advocates the election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate that is not made in cooperation, consultation or concert with or at the request or suggestion of a candidate, candidate ’ s authorized committee or a political party.

The conviction that the new oil industry might be able to support an independent Scottish nation was the cue for advocates of autonomy to launch into one of the first rather successful nationalistic campaigns.