Dr. Gregory Goodwin Pincus ( April 9, 1903 – August 22, 1967 ) was an American biologist and researcher who co-invented the combined oral contraceptive pill.

The Blahut – Arimoto algorithm, co-invented by Richard Blahut, is an elegant iterative technique for numerically obtaining rate – distortion functions of arbitrary finite input / output alphabet sources and much work has been done to extend it to more general problem instances.

The Rockwell hardness tester, a differential-depth machine, was co-invented by Connecticut natives Hugh M. Rockwell ( 1890 – 1957 ) and Stanley P. Rockwell ( 1886 – 1940 ).

Frederick William Lanchester, Hon FRAeS FRS ( 23 October 1868 – 8 March 1946 ) was an English polymath and engineer who made important contributions to automotive engineering, aerodynamics and co-invented the field of operations research.

Gilbert Sandford Vernam ( 3 April 1890 – 7 February 1960 ) was an AT & T Bell Labs engineer who, in 1917, invented an additive polyalphabetic stream cipher and later co-invented an automated one-time pad cipher.

Joseph Oswald Mauborgne ( February 26, 1881 – June 7, 1971 ) co-invented the one-time pad with Gilbert Vernam of Bell Labs.

The first gas laser, the Helium – neon laser ( HeNe ), was co-invented by Iranian physicist Ali Javan and American physicist William R. Bennett, Jr. in 1960.

" Jeremy " Swan ( 1 June 1922 – 7 February 2005 ) was an Irish cardiologist, originally from Sligo, who co-invented the Swan-Ganz catheter ( widely used in intensive care units ) with William Ganz at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in 1970.

* James Edward Zimmerman ( 1923 – 1999 ), American physicist who co-invented superconducting quantum interference device ( SQUID )

Among his many inventions, the most famous include an inflatable lifejacket ( nicknamed the Mae West ), an automated chicken plucker, light-weight construction beam ( commonly used in Australia ), and the EndoFlex endotracheal tube ( co-invented with Michael H Wong and Jay Kotin ).

File: GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689. jpg | Sir Isaac Newton ( 1642-1727 ): established three laws of motion and a law of universal gravitation in his Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica ( 1687 ), laid foundations for classical mechanics, invented the reflecting telescope, observed that a prism splits white light into the colors of the visible spectrum, formulated a law of cooling, co-invented infinitesimal calculus

Researchers who have worked at NPL include Paul Baran and Donald Davies, who co-invented packet switching in the early 1960s ; D. W. Dye who did important work in developing the technology of quartz clocks ; Louis Essen, who invented a more accurate atomic clock than those first built in America.

Tarjan has also developed important data structures such as the Fibonacci heap ( a heap data structure consisting of a forest of trees ), and the splay tree ( a self-adjusting binary search tree ; co-invented by Tarjan and Daniel Sleator ).

Robert Metcalfe co-invented Ethernet at Xerox PARC, and subsequently co-founded 3Com in 1979.

Oliver Heaviside and Nikolay Umov independently co-invented the Poynting vector.

* George D. W. Smith ( born 1943 ), materials scientist, co-invented the atom probe tomograph

He co-invented the gas laser in 1960, with William R. Bennett.

Mathematically talented, Lamarr also co-invented — with composer George Antheil — an early technique for spread spectrum communications and frequency hopping, necessary for wireless communication from the pre-computer age to the present day.

Wang co-invented the pulse transfer controlling device with Way-Dong Woo, a schoolmate from China who fell ill before their patent was issued.

The best of the lot, the SIGABA — which was destined to become the US's highest-security cipher machine in World War II — was co-invented by Frank Rowlett.

Piccard with his wife co-invented the plastic balloon and he designed and in 1936 flew a cellophane balloon built by his students.

Loomis also made contributions to biological instrumentation — working with Edmund Newton Harvey, he co-invented the microscope centrifuge, and pioneered techniques for electroencephalography.

It was co-invented by Wilbert L. Gore, Rowena Taylor, and Gore's son, Robert W. Gore.

The first commercial electrical telegraph was co-invented by Sir William Fothergill Cooke and Charles Wheatstone.

In 2002, Hellman suggested the algorithm be called Diffie – Hellman – Merkle key exchange in recognition of Ralph Merkle's contribution to the invention of public-key cryptography ( Hellman, 2002 ).

While that system was first described in a paper by Diffie and me, it is a public key distribution system, a concept developed by Merkle, and hence should be called ' Diffie – Hellman – Merkle key exchange ' if names are to be associated with it.

* 1888 – Fred Merkle, American baseball figure ( d. 1958 )

In cryptographic hash functions, a Merkle – Damgård construction is usually used.

Knapsack problems appear in real-world decision-making processes in a wide variety of fields, such as finding the least wasteful way to cut raw materials, selection of capital investments and financial portfolios, selection of assets for asset-backed securitization, and generating keys for the Merkle – Hellman knapsack cryptosystem.

* Merkle – Hellman knapsack cryptosystem

* Paul Kantor ( Ed ), Gheorghe Mureşan ( Ed ), Fred Roberts ( Ed ), Daniel Zeng ( Ed ), Frei-Yue Wang ( Ed ), Hsinchun Chen ( Ed ), Ralph Merkle ( Ed ), " Intelligence and Security Informatics ": IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics, ISI 2005, Atlanta, GA, USA, May 19 – 20, ... ( Lecture Notes in Computer Science ), Springer, 2005, ISBN 3-540-25999-6.

The Merkle – Hellman knapsack cryptosystem was one of the earliest public key cryptosystems invented by Ralph Merkle and Martin Hellman in 1978.

* Ursula Merkle – Kim's hyperactive best friend, a Conrad Birdie enthusiast

The Merkle – Damgård hash construction.

A hash function built with the Merkle – Damgård construction is as resistant to collisions as is its compression function ; any collision for the full hash function can be traced back to a collision in the compression function.

This construction is called the Merkle – Damgård construction.

* Will Merkle – ( bass on “ Fever Pulse ”)

An extension of the collision attack is the chosen-prefix collision attack, which is specific to Merkle – Damgård hash functions.

, now expired, describes the algorithm and credits Hellman, Diffie, and Merkle as inventors.

Leading cryptography scholar Martin Hellman discusses the circumstances and fundamental insights of his invention of public key cryptography with collaborators Whitfield Diffie and Ralph Merkle at Stanford University in the mid-1970s.

Hellman describes his invention of public key cryptography with collaborators Whitfield Diffie and Ralph Merkle at Stanford University in the mid-1970s.

There are currently 38 IACR Fellows: Mihir Bellare, Tom Berson, Eli Biham, George Blakley, Manuel Blum, Gilles Brassard, David Chaum, Andrew Clark, Don Coppersmith, Ivan Damgård, Yvo G. Desmedt, Whitfield Diffie, Oded Goldreich, Shafi Goldwasser, Martin Hellman, Hideki Imai, David Kahn, Arjen Lenstra, James Massey, Ueli Maurer, Kevin McCurley, Ralph Merkle, Silvio Micali, Moni Naor, Andrew Odlyzko, Jean-Jacques Quisquater, Michael O. Rabin, Charles Rackoff, Ronald Rivest, Phil Rogaway, Richard Schroeppel, Adi Shamir, Claus Schnorr, Jennifer Seberry, Gustavus Simmons, Jacques Stern, Scott Vanstone and Andrew Yao.

Trapdoor functions came to prominence in cryptography in the mid-1970s with the publication of asymmetric ( or public key ) encryption techniques by Diffie, Hellman, and Merkle.

Hellman describes his invention of public key cryptography with collaborators Whitfield Diffie and Ralph Merkle at Stanford University in the mid-1970s.

Hellman describes his invention of public key cryptography with collaborators Whitfield Diffie and Ralph Merkle at Stanford University in the mid-1970s.

Martin Edward Hellman ( born October 2, 1945 ) is an American cryptologist, and is best known for his invention of public key cryptography in cooperation with Whitfield Diffie and Ralph Merkle.

Hellman describes his invention of public key cryptography with collaborators Whitfield Diffie and Ralph Merkle at Stanford University in the mid-1970s.

* Martin E. Hellman, Bailey W. Diffie, and Ralph C. Merkle, U. S. Patent # 4, 200, 770, 29 April 1980

* Merkle – Hellman knapsack cryptosystem