Diophantus is often called “ the father of algebra " because he contributed greatly to number theory, mathematical notation, and because Arithmetica contains the earliest known use of syncopated notation.

They quickly gained air superiority over the Allies, who at this stage of the war were often disorganized, under-trained and poorly equipped, and Japanese air power contributed significantly to their successes in the Philippines, Malaysia and Singapore, the Dutch East Indies and Burma.

Though often overlooked, the Knights of Labor contributed to the tradition of labor protest songs in America.

" The Lord Mayor, Sheriffs and Aldermen of the City, treated their King with a collation under a tent, placed in St. George's Fields ; and five or six hundred citizens cloathed in coats of black velvet, and ( not improperly ) wearing chains about their necks, by an order of the Common Council, attended on the triumph of that day ;... and those who had been so often defeated in the field, and had contributed nothing either of bravery or policy to this change, in ordering the souldiery to ride with swords drawn through the city of London to White Hall, the Duke of York and Monk leading the way ; and intimating ( as was supposed ) a resolution to maintain that by force which had been obtained by fraud.

They are rather contemporary regional sports that coexist with the modern forms of martial arts sports as they have developed since the 19th century, often including cross-fertilization between sports and folk styles ; thus, the traditional Thai style of Muay Boran developed into the modern national sport of Muay Thai, which in turn came to be practiced worldwide and contributed significantly to modern hybrid styles like kickboxing and mixed martial arts.

It is often argued that this, combined with a series of bad trade figures, contributed to the Conservative victory at the 1970 general election.

The environment in which they worked, the cool, often wet, and hilly Scottish Highland glens, contributed to the larger, rough-coated appearance of the breed.

In such stand-alone episodes, Mulder and Scully investigated strange crimes which often had no long-term effect on the mythology of the show, though the episodes contributed to the show's background.

While the Allies ' ability to out-produce the Axis is often attributed to the Allies having more access to natural resources, other factors, such as Germany and Japan's reluctance to employ women in the labour force, Allied strategic bombing, and Germany's late shift to a war economy contributed significantly.

Although Harding was committed to putting the " best minds " on his cabinet, he often rewarded those persons who were active and contributed to his campaign by appointing them to high federal department positions.

Mozart was a close friend of one of the singer-composers of the troupe, tenor Benedikt Schack ( the first Tamino ), and had contributed to the compositions of the troupe, which were often collaboratively written.

Charles of Anjou contributed to the early medieval revival of learning, often referred to as the " Latin " Renaissance, through his employment of several Jewish scholars at the University of Salerno and Naples, who were expert translators.

... General Wallace contributed on this occasion by the defeat of the troops under him, a greater benefit to the cause than often falls to the lot of a commander of an equal force to render by means of a victory.

The railroads often determined whether a town grew or declined, and they contributed to a population shift from northern to southern Westchester.

In most cases, " The Man of a Thousand Voices ," Mel Blanc, contributed the animals ' gag lines, often lowering his voice one to two full octaves, far below the range he used to voice the character of Barney Rubble.

According to Professor Lynda Walsh of the University of Nevada, Reno, some hoaxes — such as the Great Stock Exchange Fraud of 1814, labeled as a hoax by contemporary commentators — are financial in nature, and successful hoaxers — such as P. T. Barnum, whose Fiji mermaid contributed to his wealth — often acquire monetary gain or fame through their fabrications, so the distinction between hoax and fraud is not necessarily clear.

Musically speaking, the most logical candidate for a " Fifth Beatle " would be the Beatles long-time producer, George Martin, who for six years contributed directly and often to the Beatles ' recordings.

If the sucrose ( or other sugar ) that is replaced has contributed to the texture of the product, then a bulking agent is often also needed.

Fame Studios ( often referred to as Muscle Shoals after a nearby town ) enjoyed a close relationship with the Memphis label Stax Records, and many of the musicians and producers who worked in Memphis contributed to recordings in Alabama.

Her forthright manner, clipped vocal style and ubiquitous cigarette contributed to a public persona which has often been imitated and satirized.

The realization that a useful Amiga emulator could be written contributed to an increase in enthusiasm about emulation, which started or sped-up efforts to write emulators for other and often less popular computer and electronic game architectures.

The line between professionals and amateur enthusiasts is often not well defined in this subject, because many amateurs have contributed to, and continue to contribute to, conchology and the larger science of malacology.

This work ethic proved too challenging for some early members ; Ginn and singer Keith Morris had an especially difficult time finding a reliable bass guitarist, and often rehearsed without a bassist, a factor that contributed to the development of Ginn's distinctive, often low-pitched guitar sound.

While the music from the area is often referred to as the " Muscle Shoals Sound ", all four of the Quad Cities have significantly contributed to the area's musical history.

Most alphabetic scripts of India and Eastern Asia are descended from the Brahmi script, which is often believed to be a descendant of Aramaic.

Abbreviations have been used as long as phonetic scripts have existed, in some sense actually being more common in early literacy, where spelling out a whole word was often avoided, initial letters commonly being used to represent words in specific application.

Distributions will often contain installation scripts ( usually called Makefile. PL or Build. PL ) and test scripts which can be run to verify the contents of the distribution are functioning properly.

Such files are known as CGI scripts ; they are programs, often stand-alone applications, usually written in a scripting language.

In addition to the relatively looser constraints on character and message at lower budgets, the nature of B production lent itself to the noir style for directly economic reasons: dim lighting not only saved on electrical costs but helped cloak cheap sets ( mist and smoke also served the cause ); night shooting was often compelled by hurried production schedules ; plots with obscure motivations and intriguingly elliptical transitions were sometimes the consequence of hastily written scripts, of which there was not always enough time or money to shoot every scene.

The Frontline scripts were likewise written and the series filmed with a short period, often within a single week.

The Star Trek television series franchise is often described as space opera that encourages this sense of wonder, in that most of the scripts are generally about peaceful space exploration and examinations of cultural differences rather than about conflict between civilizations.

His scripts feature black comedy and often end with a dark tragicomic twist.

Subjects from the Middle East hired into administrative functions would also often use Persian or Arabic scripts to write their Mongolian language documents.

Though the series is often remembered solely for its gruesome stories and sound effects, Cooper's scripts for Lights Out were well-written and offered innovations seldom heard in early radio dramas, including multiple first person narrators, stream of consciousness monologues and scripts that contrasted a duplicitious character's internal monologue and his spoken words.

Stations producing radio drama often commission a large number of scripts.

He often attended rehearsals and solicited the resident authors to let him read scripts until bedtime.

*: These are scripts in which the graphemes represent morphemes, often polysyllabic morphemes, but when extended phonetically represent single syllables.

Client-side scripts are often embedded within an HTML or XHTML document ( hence known as an " embedded script "), but they may also be contained in a separate file, which is referenced by the document ( or documents ) that use it ( hence known as an " external script ").

Scripting languages tend to be used for applications where most of the functionality comes from other programs ( often implemented in system programming languages ); the scripts are used to glue together other programs or add additional layers of functionality on top of existing programs.

Ousterhout claims that scripts tend to be short and are often written by less sophisticated programmers, so execution efficiency is less important than simplicity and ease of interaction with other programs.

She was Curtiz's helper whenever his need to deal with scripts or other elements went beyond his grasp of English, and he often phoned her for advice when presented with a problem while filming.

In addition to earning $ 45 to $ 50 a week at the college radio station, Serling attempted to make a living selling freelance scripts to radio programs, but the industry at that time was involved in many lawsuits, which affected willingness to take on new writers ( some who had scripts rejected would often hear a similar plot produced, claim their work had been stolen and sue for recompense ).

Serling was often forced to change his scripts after corporate sponsors read them and found something they felt was too controversial.

Likewise, the scripts for Star Trek, which were often written by the same people who had written for the live-action version of the show, tended to be quite sophisticated, and garnered the first Emmy Award for the franchise.

The series, set in a vaguely fictionalized Bloomington, Illinois, often used towns near Bloomington in its scripts.

While commercial releases will often have access to the scripts, fansubbers have to translate by ear.