Most elite BBSes used some form of new user verification, where new users would have to apply for membership and attempt to prove that they were not a law enforcement officer or a lamer.

Nationality is often used as a synonym for citizenship – notably in international law – although the term is sometimes understood as denoting a person's membership of a nation.

Excommunication is a religious censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community or ( as in the case of the Catholic Church ) to restrict certain rights within it.

When the police use search warrants in connection with a vandalism investigation they are often seeking judicial approval to look for items such as cans of spray paint and nozzles from other kinds of aerosol sprays, etching tools or other sharp or pointed objects used to etch or scratch glass and other hard surfaces, and permanent marking pens, such as markers or paint sticks ; evidence of membership or affiliation with any gang or tagging crew, paraphernalia to include any reference to “( tagger ’ s name ),” and any drawings, writings, objects or graffiti depicting taggers ’ names, initials, logos, monikers, slogans, or mention of tagging crew membership ; any newspaper clippings relating details of or referring to any graffiti crime.

When Caesar returned to Rome in 47 BC, the ranks of the Senate had been severely depleted, and so he used his censorial powers to appoint many new senators, which eventually raised the Senate's membership to 900.

Where a customer has provided sufficient identifying information, the loyalty card may also be used to access such information to expedite verification during receipt of cheques or dispensing of medical prescription preparations, or for other membership privileges ( e. g., access to a club lounge in airports, using a frequent flyer card ).

Moreover, " medical peer review " has been used by the American Medical Association to refer not only to the process of improving quality and safety in health care organizations, but also to the process of rating clinical behavior or compliance with professional society membership standards.

However, they cannot be used to determine if a language is in a given class, since satisfying the pumping lemma is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for class membership.

The term is mostly used by animal rights advocates, who argue that speciesism is a prejudice similar to racism or sexism, in that the treatment of individuals is predicated on group membership and morally irrelevant physical differences.

Despite the fact that there has never been proof that Wharton's Hellfire Club ever did more than hold mock religious ceremonies and drink excessively, Wharton's political opposition used his membership as a way to pit him against his political allies, thus removing him from parliament.

The term confirmation is generally reserved for youth, while some variation on membership class is generally used for adults wishing to join the church.

Verlan is used by people to mark their membership in, or exclusion from, a particular group ( generally young people in the cities and banlieues ); it is a tool for marking and delineating group identity.

Much about Bloomsbury appears to be controversial, including its membership and name: indeed, some would maintain that " the three words ' the Bloomsbury group ' have been so much used as to have become almost unusable ".

The most common shape of membership functions is triangular, although trapezoidal and bell curves are also used, but the shape is generally less important than the number of curves and their placement.

If the error ranges from-1 to + 1, with the analog-to-digital converter used having a resolution of 0. 25, then the input variable's fuzzy set ( which, in this case, also applies to the output variable ) can be described very simply as a table, with the error / delta / output values in the top row and the truth values for each membership function arranged in rows beneath:

While both fuzzy logic and probability theory can be used to represent subjective belief, fuzzy set theory uses the concept of fuzzy set membership ( i. e., how much a variable is in a set ), and probability theory uses the concept of subjective probability ( i. e., how probable do I think that a variable is in a set ).

The term " charter " is also used in Star Trek: Enterprise and in the DS9 episode " Accession ," when discussing membership requirements for the Federation.

Sometimes, more general variants of the notion of fuzzy set are used, with membership functions taking values in a ( fixed or variable ) algebra or structure of a given kind ; usually it is required that be at least a poset or lattice.

Kuro5hin's membership used to number in the tens of thousands, but its popularity has declined significantly from its peak in the early 2000s, and the present number of active users is much less.

* Limited equity housing cooperatives, which are often used by affordable housing developers, allow members to own some equity in their home, but limit the sale price of their membership share to that which they paid.

In addition to Hilton Hotels, the Hilton HHonors membership can also be used at all other Hilton Worldwide brands.

The Royal Union Flag is also an official flag in Canada, used as a symbol of Canada's membership in the Commonwealth of Nations, and of its allegiance to the Crown.

These membership dues to the Beach Club are used for capital improvements such as street repaving, painting of the Beach Club, and salaries of the Beach Club employees that manage the Beach Club, and maintain its property.

The members of the Accademia were given nicknames associated with corn and flour, and seats in the form of breadbaskets with backs in the shape of an oven slide were used for their meetings.

The square in front the church was used by Cosimo I for the yearly chariot race ( Palio dei Cocchi ).

* The Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi was used in the 1990 film Coins in the Fountain.

In the interior is the Sala dei Difensori, " Defenders ' Room "), a wide hall once used for the council of the Reggiani people.

It is not known when the prison went out of service permanently, but the site has been used for Christian worship since medieval times, and is currently occupied by two superimposed churches: S. Giuseppe dei Falegnami ( upper ) and S. Pietro in Carcere ( lower ).

), but these are not the same as the two-handed swords used by Johannes Liechtenauer and Fiore dei Liberi.

In Italy the term used is direttore dei lavori ( manager of the works ).

Trullo is an italianized form of the dialectal term truddu used in a specific area of the Salentine peninsula ( i. e. Lizzaio, Maruggio and Avetrana, in other words outside the Murgia dei Trulli proper ) where it is the name of the local agricultural dry stone hut.

This type of door is called a porta dei morti ( door of the dead ) because it is commonly stated that it was used only for removing the bodies of any who might have died inside the house.

It was mentioned in an Italian context in 1645, by John Evelyn at the cloister of Trinità dei Monti in Rome and used by him in an English context in 1654, when, in the company of the fifth Earl of Pembroke, Evelyn watched the coursing of hares from a " pergola " built on the downs near Salisbury for that purpose.

Nowadays the term ' Italian Riviera ' is used for the whole Ligurian coast as far east as La Spezia, so it is more accurate to refer to the coast of the Imperia province as the Riviera dei Fiori ( or Riviera of Flowers ).

The Puppet House had a collection of traditional, Sicilian puppets used in Opera dei Pupi.

The church is now part of a complex of buildings, superimposed in time, which were used formerly by the Monastery dei Frati Minori ( 1437-1806 ) and then by Schio ’ s civil hospital ( the Baratto Institute 1807-1959 ) and now a home for the elderly.

The church is called Chiesa dei Novelli Innocenti and is located within the town perimeter, is not currently used as a church ( only one time in the year ), but are considered a monument ; it was the only evident remainder of building found at the time of colonization in 1739.

In the triangular Piazza dei Rucellai in front of the palace and set at right angles to it is the Loggia de ' Rucellai, which was used for family celebrations, weddings, and as a public meeting place.

In contrast, the moniker is used in the March 31, 1376 bull of excommunication to refer to the otto dei preti ( the levy committee, literally meaning " eight priests ").

The name Loggia dei Lanzi dates back to the reign of Grand Duke Cosimo I, when it was used to house his formidable landsknechts ( In Italian: " Lanzichenecchi ", corrupted to Lanzi ), or German mercenary pikemen.

Properly used, the present book is an excellent instrument of enlightenment.

It is thick, much like an egg plant's skin, so that poison sprays, if they are used, present no hazard to the consumer.

) This is the same system as was used in the field-sequential color-TV system which preceded the present simultaneous system.

At present, both the familiar cast acrylic and the newer extruded sheets are being used by sign manufacturers, with extruded now representing an estimated 10% of the total.

Such an instrument is expected to be especially useful if it could be used to measure the elasticity of heavy pastes such as printing inks, paints, adhesives, molten plastics, and bread dough, for the elasticity is related to those various properties termed `` length '', `` shortness '', `` spinnability '', etc., which are usually judged by subjective methods at present.

Tables 1 and 2 present the results of the statistical analysis of the data when compulsivity is used as the descriptive variable.

Three of the four persons present, all foreign students in Tokyo, had been playing a game of judging popular Japanese foods by the In and Out system, an equation in which Zen philosophy was used as the modifier.

Six astatine isotopes, with mass numbers of 214 to 219, are present in nature as the products of various decay routes of heavier elements, but neither the most stable isotope of astatine ( with mass number 210 ) nor astatine-211 ( which is used in medicine ) is produced naturally.

Of the capabilities present in the BBC Micro but absent from the Electron, the teletext-style mode 7 was particularly conspicuous because of the very low memory usage in that mode ( just less than 1 kB ) and the high number of BBC programs that used it.

The word autobiography was first used deprecatingly by William Taylor in 1797 in the English periodical the Monthly Review, when he suggested the word as a hybrid but condemned it as ' pedantic '; but its next recorded use was in its present sense by Robert Southey in 1809.

Others had used these ideas in practice, but he was the first to present them systematically as a lexicon of themes accompanied by extensive taxonomical observations.

The composer used his knowledge of synthesizers and was able to present many cues in a mock-up form before he took them in front of an orchestra.

Some heavy metro infrastructures were built in Brussels, Antwerp and the Charleroi area, but these are currently used by light rail vehicles, and their conversion to full metro is not envisaged at present due to lack of funds.

The single is commonly used as a convenient line of demarcation between the " rock era " and the music industry that preceded it ; Billboard separated its statistical tabulations into 1890-1954 and 1955 – present.

It has been revised several times, and the present edition has been used since 2004.

However, the term classical music is used colloquially to describe a variety of Western musical styles from the ninth century to the present, and especially from the sixteenth or seventeenth to the nineteenth.

The roots-ar -,-kn -,-qav -, and-qop-( past participle ) are used in the present tense, future tense, past tense and the perfective tenses respectively.

* PCR can be used to determine how many copies of a gene are present in a cell.

If a naive rendering algorithm is used without any filtering, high frequencies in the image function will cause ugly aliasing to be present in the final image.

* Lossless codecs: There are also many lossless codecs which are typically used for archiving data in a compressed form while retaining all of the information present in the original stream.

Crannogs were used as dwellings over five millennia from the European Neolithic Period, to as late as the 17th / early 18th century although in Scotland, convincing evidence for Early and Middle Bronze Age or Norse Period use is not currently present in the archaeological record.

Adjuvant chemotherapy ( postoperative treatment ) can be used when there is little evidence of cancer present, but there is risk of recurrence.

In present day feature films rhyming slang is often used to lend authenticity to an East End setting.

The signal for formation of a regional centromere appears to be " epigenetic "-a widely used term that in this instance most likely refers to a particular set of post-translational modifications of the histone proteins, or different histone variants being present.

According to Gislason and Craig ( 2005 ): " Most thermodynamic data come from calorimetry ..." According to Kondepudi ( 2008 ): " Calorimetry is widely used in present day laboratories.