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He was abbot of Inchcolm Abbey ( in the Firth of Forth ) from 1418, was one of the commissioners for the collection of the ransom of James I, King of Scots, in 1423 and 1424, and in 1433 one of the embassy to Paris on the business of the marriage of the king's daughter to the dauphin.
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was and abbot
In Egypt, the first home of monasticism, the jurisdiction of the abbot, or archimandrite, was but loosely defined.
By the Rule of St Benedict, which, until the Cluniac reforms, was the norm in the West, the abbot has jurisdiction over only one community.
The rule, as was inevitable, was subject to frequent violations ; but it was not until the foundation of the Cluniac Order that the idea of a supreme abbot, exercising jurisdiction over all the houses of an order, was definitely recognized.
Monks, as a rule, were laymen, nor at the outset was the abbot any exception.
The change spread more slowly in the West, where the office of abbot was commonly filled by laymen till the end of the 7th century.
Of these the precedence was originally yielded to the abbot of Glastonbury, until in AD 1154 Adrian IV ( Nicholas Breakspear ) granted it to the abbot of St Alban's, in which monastery he had been brought up.
The power of the abbot was paternal but absolute, limited, however, by the canon law.
When a vacancy occurred, the bishop of the diocese chose the abbot out of the monks of the convent, but the right of election was transferred by jurisdiction to the monks themselves, reserving to the bishop the confirmation of the election and the benediction of the new abbot.
It was necessary that an abbot should be at least 25 years of age, of legitimate birth, a monk of the house, unless it furnished no suitable candidate, when a liberty was allowed of electing from another convent, well instructed himself, and able to instruct others, one also who had learned how to command by having practised obedience.
In some exceptional cases an abbot was allowed to name his own successor.
The election was for life, unless the abbot was canonically deprived by the chiefs of his order, or when he was directly subject to them, by the pope or the bishop.
The newly elected abbot was to put off his shoes at the door of the church, and proceed barefoot to meet the members of the house advancing in a procession.
Before the late modern era, the abbot was treated with the utmost reverence by the brethren of his house.
The ordinary attire of the abbot was according to rule to be the same as that of the monks.
Thus we hear of abbots going out to hunt, with their men carrying bows and arrows ; keeping horses, dogs and huntsmen ; and special mention is made of an abbot of Leicester, c. 1360, who was the most skilled of all the nobility in hare hunting.
For instance, we read of Whiting, the last abbot of Glastonbury, judicially murdered by Henry VIII, that his house was a kind of well-ordered court, where as many as 300 sons of noblemen and gentlemen, who had been sent to him for virtuous education, had been brought up, besides others of a lesser rank, whom he fitted for the universities.
In process of time the title abbot was extended to clerics who had no connection with the monastic system, as to the principal of a body of parochial clergy ; and under the Carolingians to the chief chaplain of the king,, or military chaplain of the emperor, It even came to be adopted by purely secular officials.
was and Inchcolm
He was responsible for foundations at Scone and Inchcolm.
During the First and Second World Wars, Inchcolm was occupied by the army as part of the defences of the Firth of Forth.
Among the Abbots of Inchcolm was the 15th-century chronicler Walter Bower.
In addition to French, Latin too was a literary language, with works that include the " Carmen de morte Sumerledi ", a poem which exults triumphantly the victory of the citizens of Glasgow over Somailre mac Gilla Brigte and the " Inchcolm Antiphoner ", a hymn in praise of St. Columba.
Andrew Dudley was succeeded by John Luttrell who had been the commander at Inchcolm.
The earliest written record of Beath ( Beth ), was found in a charter of Inchcolm Abbey, dated 6 March 1178.
Inchcolm was anciently known as Emona, Aemonia or Innis Choluim.
The reference in Shakespeare is because Inchcolm was long used as an exclusive burial site ( much like Iona ).
Like nearby Inchkeith and the Isle of May, Inchcolm was attacked repeatedly by English raiders in the 14th century.
In 1384, an English raid attempted to set alight Inchcolm Abbey, but this again was foiled by the weather – in this case a strong wind blew out the flames.
In 1547, after the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, Inchcolm was fortified by the English, like nearby Inchgarvie-while Inchkeith was occupied by their Italian mercenaries for two years.
During both the First World War and the Second World War, Inchcolm was fortified, like many of the other islands of the Forth in order to defend Edinburgh-Leith and the naval base at Rosyth.
Like nearby Inchcolm and the Isle of May, Inchkeith was attacked repeatedly by English raiders in the 14th century.
A Diaphone system providing 4 blasts of 1. 5 seconds once every minute was installed on Inchcolm, operated by radio telephone from Inchkeith.
Records of Danish attacks on nearby islands, particularly Inchcolm as well as Fife and Lothian may mean that it was used in some capacity by them.
In 1547, after the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, Inchcolm and Inchkeith were fortified by the English, and held for two years ; it is possible that Inchgarvie was fortified at this period too.
As Walter Bower, its continuator and annotator, was a canon regular, and abbot of Inchcolm, he no doubt derived all his materials at firs hand from the archives of the order, and thus many important particulars are related by him concerning the foundations of the houses, their inmates, and particular events.
At its height, Middle Irish was spoken throughout Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man ; from Munster to the island of Inchcolm in the Firth of Forth.
was and Abbey
That was the day that Pierre had told Warren about the Abbey of Solesmes.
One day when he attended a war memorial ceremony in Westminster Abbey his view was obstructed by a stout man on his left, his attention turned to the irregular pattern of the rough slab flooring and someone, clasping him by the arm, whispered, `` I want a word with you, please ''.
After becoming a monk at the monastery at Winchester, he was appointed Abbot of Tavistock Abbey in around 1027.
Ealdred was a monk in the cathedral chapter at Winchester Cathedral before becoming abbot of Tavistock Abbey about 1027, an office he held until about 1043.
That same year, as Ealdred was returning to England he met Sweyn, a son of Godwin, Earl of Wessex, and probably absolved Sweyn for having abducted the abbess of Leominster Abbey in 1046.
Sybilla died in unrecorded circumstances at Eilean nam Ban ( Kenmore on Loch Tay ) in July, 1122 and was buried at Dunfermline Abbey.
He died there in 1249 and was buried at Melrose Abbey, Roxburghshire.
Joan died in Essex in 1238, and was buried at Tarant Crawford Abbey in Dorset.
He was buried in Dunfermline Abbey.
He died in 1201, and was interred at Sorø Abbey.
Absalon was interred at Sorø Abbey, and was succeeded as Archbishop of Lund by Anders Sunesen.
He was noted for his piety and austerity, and rose to become abbot of Bath Abbey.
After his mother ’ s early death, Ansgar was brought up in Corbie Abbey, and made rapid progress in his education.
A monument to Phillip in Bath Abbey Church was unveiled in 1937.
Arbroath Abbey, in the Scottish town of Arbroath, was founded in 1178 by King William the Lion for a group of Tironensian Benedictine monks from Kelso Abbey.
The Abbey, which was the richest in Scotland, is most famous for its association with the 1320 Declaration of Arbroath, believed to have been drafted by Abbot Bernard, who was the Chancellor of Scotland under King Robert I.
On Christmas Day 1950, the Stone of Destiny was stolen from Westminster Abbey.
In 2005 The Arbroath Abbey campaign was launched.
The Abbey was built over some sixty years using local red sandstone, but gives the impression of a single coherent, mainly ' Early English ' architectural design, though the round-arched processional doorway in the western front looks back to late Norman or transitional work.
The upper storey features a scale model of the Abbey complex, a computer-generated ' fly-through ' reconstruction of the church as it was when complete, and a viewing gallery with excellent views of the ruins.
An archaeological investigation of the site of the visitors ' centre before building started revealed the foundations of the medieval precinct wall, with a gateway, and stonework discarded during manufacture, showing that the area was the site of the masons ' yard while the Abbey was being built.
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