In Husserl's account the structure of protentions is accorded neither the finitude nor the primacy that Heidegger claims are central to the original future of ecstatic-horizonal temporality.

While for Husserl we would have to abstract from all concrete determinations of our empirical ego, to be able to turn to the field of pure consciousness, Heidegger claims that " the possibilities and destinies of philosophy are bound up with man's existence, and thus with temporality and with historicality.

" Being, Heidegger claims, is " what determines beings as beings, that in terms of which beings are already understood.

Among the most radical re-thinkers of human self-consciousness was Heidegger, whose concept of Dasein or " Being-there " displaces traditional notions of the personal subject altogether.

In Being and Time, Heidegger criticized the abstract and metaphysical character of traditional ways of grasping human existence as rational animal, person, man, soul, spirit, or subject.

" In reading Aristotle, Heidegger increasingly contested the traditional Latin translation and scholastic interpretation of his thought.

The same year his lecture New Testament and Mythology: The Problem of Demythologizing the New Testament Message called on interpreters to replace traditional supernaturalism with the temporal and existential categories of Bultmann's colleague, Martin Heidegger, rejecting doctrines such as the pre-existence of Christ.

In calling his work Being and Nothingness an " essay in phenomenological ontology " Jean-Paul Sartre follows Heidegger in defining the human essence as ambiguous, or relating fundamentally to such ambiguity.

" From this point onward in his thought, Heidegger attempted to think beyond metaphysics to a place where the articulation of the fundamental questions of ontology were fundamentally possible: only from this point can we restore ( that is, re-give ) any possible meaning to the word " humanism ".

Having nothing further to contribute to an ontology independent of human existence, Heidegger changed the topic to Dasein.

In " The Elimination of Metaphysics Through Logical Analysis of Language " ( 1932 ), Rudolf Carnap accused Heidegger of offering an " illusory " ontology, criticizing him for committing the fallacy of reification and for wrongly dismissing the logical treatment of language which, according to Carnap, can only lead to writing " nonsensical pseudo-propositions.

Emmanuel Levinas was deeply influenced by Heidegger yet became one of his fiercest critics, contrasting the infinity of the good beyond being with the immanence and totality of ontology.

By shifting the center of gravity from consciousness ( psychology ) to existence ( ontology ), Heidegger altered the subsequent direction of phenomenology, making it at once both personal and mysterious.

Instead of taking phenomenology as prima philosophia or a foundational discipline, Heidegger took it as a metaphysical ontology: " being is the proper and sole theme of philosophy ... this means that philosophy is not a science of beings but of being .".

Husserl charged Heidegger with raising the question of ontology but failing to answer it, instead switching the topic to the Dasein, the only being for whom Being is an issue.

* Martin Heidegger ( 1889 – 1976 ) criticized Husserl's theory of phenomenology and attempted to develop a theory of ontology that led him to his original theory of Dasein, the non-dualistic human being.

It was then transformed by Martin Heidegger ( 1889 – 1976 ), whose famous book Being and Time applied phenomenology to ontology, and who, along with Ludwig Wittgenstein, is considered one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century.

No longer was it conceived of as being about understanding linguistic communication, or providing a methodological basis for the human sciences-as far as Heidegger was concerned, hermeneutics is ontology, dealing with the most fundamental conditions of man's being in the world.

The fact that Heidegger believes that ontology includes an irreducible hermeneutic ( interpretative ) aspect, for example, might be thought to run counter to Husserl's claim that phenomenological description is capable of a form of scientific positivity.

In light of his fundamental ontology, Martin Heidegger interprets Aristotle in such a way that phronesis ( and practical philosophy as such ) is the original form of knowledge and thus primary to sophia ( and theoretical philosophy ).

Heidegger interprets the Nicomachean Ethics as an ontology of Human Existence.

In contrast with his former mentor Husserl, Heidegger put ontology before epistemology and thought that phenomenology would have to be based on an observation and analysis of Dasein (" being-there "), human being, investigating the fundamental ontology of the Lebenswelt ( Lifeworld-Husserl's term ) underlying all so-called regional ontologies of the special sciences.

Twentieth-century philosophers such as Martin Heidegger and Hans-Georg Gadamer have been critical of what they considered to be the romantic and subjective character of Verstehen in Dilthey, although both Dilthey and the early Heidegger were interested in the " facticity " and " life-context " of understanding, and sought to universalize it as the way humans exist through language on the basis of ontology.

The complex, troubled, and sundered philosophical relationship between Husserl and Heidegger has been widely discussed.

Though Marcuse quickly distanced himself from Heidegger following Heidegger's endorsement of Nazism, it has been suggested by thinkers such as Juergen Habermas that an understanding of Marcuse's later thinking demands an appreciation of his early Heideggerian influence.

It is only recently that Heidegger ’ s influence on nihilism research by Nietzsche has faded.

One of Heidegger ’ s main critiques on philosophy is that philosophy, and more specifically metaphysics, has forgotten to discriminate between investigating the notion of a Being ( Seiende ) and Being ( Sein ).

And because metaphysics has forgotten to ask about the notion of Being ( what Heidegger calls Seinsvergessenheit ), it is a history about the destruction of Being.

Heidegger, in his interpretation of Nietzsche, has been inspired by Ernst Jünger.

Whitehead's thinking here has given rise to process theology, whose prominent advocates include Charles Hartshorne, John B. Cobb, Jr., and Hans Jonas, who was also influenced by the non-theological philosopher Martin Heidegger.

Heidegger claimed that Western philosophy since Plato has misunderstood what it means for something " to be ", tending to approach this question in terms of a being, rather than asking about Being itself.

Heidegger argued that this misunderstanding, beginning with Plato, has left its traces in every stage of Western thought.

Heidegger opens his magnum opus, Being and Time, with a citation from Plato's Sophist indicating that Western philosophy has neglected " being " because it was considered obvious, rather than as worthy of question.

Recent scholarship has shown that Heidegger was substantially influenced by St. Augustine of Hippo and that Martin Heidegger's Being and Time would not have been possible without the influence of Augustine's thought.

Even though Gadamer's interpretation of Heidegger has been questioned, there is little doubt that Heidegger seized upon Dilthey's concept of hermeneutics.

Paul Hsao records Chang Chung-Yuan saying that " Heidegger is the only Western Philosopher who not only intellectually understands but has intuitively grasped Taoist thought.

This has led scholars to argue that Heidegger still supported the Nazi party in 1935 but that he did not want to admit this after the war, and so he attempted to silently correct his earlier statement.

The Löwith account from 1936 has been cited to contradict the account given in the Der Spiegel interview in two ways: that there he did not make any decisive break with National Socialism in 1934, and that Heidegger was willing to entertain more profound relations between his philosophy and political involvement.

Because of Derrida's vehement attempts to " rescue " Heidegger from his existentialist interpreters ( and also from Heidegger's " orthodox " followers ), Derrida has at times been represented as a " French Heidegger ", to the extent that he, his colleagues, and his former students are made to go proxy for Heidegger's worst ( political ) mistakes, despite ample evidence that the reception of Heidegger's work by later practitioners of deconstruction is anything but doctrinaire.

Heidegger has been very influential on the work of Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben.

Heidegger, however, has on occasion appeared to take an opposing view, stating for example that " those in the crossing must in the end know what is mistaken by all urging for intelligibility: that every thinking of being, all philosophy, can never be confirmed by ' facts ,' i. e., by beings.

Ludwig Wittgenstein made a remark recorded by Friedrich Waismann: " To be sure, I can imagine what Heidegger means by being and anxiety " which has been construed by some commentators as sympathetic to Heidegger's philosophical approach.

The philosopher Charles Taylor, influenced by the 20th century German philosopher Martin Heidegger, has proposed that reason ought to include the faculty of disclosure, which is tied to the way we make sense of things in everyday life, as a new " department " of reason.

Husserl's conception of phenomenology has been criticised and developed not only by himself, but also by his student and assistant Martin Heidegger, by existentialists, such as Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Jean-Paul Sartre, and by other philosophers, such as Paul Ricoeur, Emmanuel Levinas, and Dietrich von Hildebrand.

Martin Heidegger had also been said to show misanthropy in his concern of the " they " — the tendency of people to conform to one view, which no-one has really thought through, but is just followed because, " they say so ".

The idea of an unchangeable human nature has been criticized by Kierkegaard, Marx, Heidegger, Sartre, and many other existential thinkers.