For Heidegger, however, communication in the first place is not among human beings, but language itself shapes up in response to questioning ( the inexhaustible meaning of ) being.

Influential to thinkers associated with Postmodernism are Heidegger's critique of the subject-object or sense-knowledge division implicit in Rationalism, Empiricism and Methodological Naturalism, his repudiation of the idea that facts exist outside or separately from the process of thinking and speaking them ( however, Heidegger is not specifically a Nominalist ), his related admission that the possibilities of philosophical and scientific discourse are wrapped up in the practices and expectations of a society and that concepts and fundamental constructs are the expression of a lived, historical exercise rather than simple derivations of external, apriori conditions independent from historical mind and changing experience ( see Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Heinrich von Kleist, Weltanschauung and Social Constructionism ), and his Instrumentalist and Negativist notion that Being ( and, by extension, reality ) is an action, method, tendency, possibility and question rather than a discreet, positive, identifiable state, answer or entity ( see also Process Philosophy, Dynamism, Instrumentalism, Pragmatism and Vitalism ).

In private notes written in 1939, Heidegger took a strongly critical view of Hitler's ideology, however in public lectures he seems to have continued to make ambiguous comments which, if they expressed criticism of the regime, did so only in the context of praising its ideals.

" Aside from merely disputing readings of his own work, however, in " Letter on ' Humanism ,'" Heidegger asserts that " Every humanism is either grounded in a metaphysics or is itself made to be the ground of one.

Unlike Schopenhauer, Heidegger was opposed to any systematic ethics, however in some of his later thought he does see the possibility of harmony between people, as part of the four-fold, mortals, gods, earth and sky.

With his Nazi political engagement in 1933, however, Heidegger came out as a champion of the " German Spirit ," and only withdrew from an exalting interpretation of the term in 1952.

Others, however, identify Rahner's primary influence not in Heidegger but in the Neo-Thomists of the early 20th century, especially the writings of Joseph Maréchal.

According to Heidegger, however, it must not be mistaken for a subject, that is to say, something definable in terms of consciousness or a self.

Benoist considers himself, however, neither left nor right-wing, and has recently tried to appear less radical: in his preference for Martin Heidegger over his first influence, Friedrich Nietzsche ; his support of multiculturalism rather than disappearance of immigrants ' identities ( though he does not support immigration itself ); his interest in ecology ; and a less aggressive view of Christianity.

According to Lawrence, however, Heidegger, and in a lesser way Gadamer, remained under the influence of Kant when they refused to take seriously the possibility of grace and redemption.

The complex, troubled, and sundered philosophical relationship between Husserl and Heidegger has been widely discussed.

Though Marcuse quickly distanced himself from Heidegger following Heidegger's endorsement of Nazism, it has been suggested by thinkers such as Juergen Habermas that an understanding of Marcuse's later thinking demands an appreciation of his early Heideggerian influence.

It is only recently that Heidegger ’ s influence on nihilism research by Nietzsche has faded.

One of Heidegger ’ s main critiques on philosophy is that philosophy, and more specifically metaphysics, has forgotten to discriminate between investigating the notion of a Being ( Seiende ) and Being ( Sein ).

And because metaphysics has forgotten to ask about the notion of Being ( what Heidegger calls Seinsvergessenheit ), it is a history about the destruction of Being.

Heidegger, in his interpretation of Nietzsche, has been inspired by Ernst Jünger.

Whitehead's thinking here has given rise to process theology, whose prominent advocates include Charles Hartshorne, John B. Cobb, Jr., and Hans Jonas, who was also influenced by the non-theological philosopher Martin Heidegger.

Heidegger claimed that Western philosophy since Plato has misunderstood what it means for something " to be ", tending to approach this question in terms of a being, rather than asking about Being itself.

Heidegger argued that this misunderstanding, beginning with Plato, has left its traces in every stage of Western thought.

Heidegger opens his magnum opus, Being and Time, with a citation from Plato's Sophist indicating that Western philosophy has neglected " being " because it was considered obvious, rather than as worthy of question.

Recent scholarship has shown that Heidegger was substantially influenced by St. Augustine of Hippo and that Martin Heidegger's Being and Time would not have been possible without the influence of Augustine's thought.

Even though Gadamer's interpretation of Heidegger has been questioned, there is little doubt that Heidegger seized upon Dilthey's concept of hermeneutics.

Paul Hsao records Chang Chung-Yuan saying that " Heidegger is the only Western Philosopher who not only intellectually understands but has intuitively grasped Taoist thought.

This has led scholars to argue that Heidegger still supported the Nazi party in 1935 but that he did not want to admit this after the war, and so he attempted to silently correct his earlier statement.

The Löwith account from 1936 has been cited to contradict the account given in the Der Spiegel interview in two ways: that there he did not make any decisive break with National Socialism in 1934, and that Heidegger was willing to entertain more profound relations between his philosophy and political involvement.

Because of Derrida's vehement attempts to " rescue " Heidegger from his existentialist interpreters ( and also from Heidegger's " orthodox " followers ), Derrida has at times been represented as a " French Heidegger ", to the extent that he, his colleagues, and his former students are made to go proxy for Heidegger's worst ( political ) mistakes, despite ample evidence that the reception of Heidegger's work by later practitioners of deconstruction is anything but doctrinaire.

Heidegger has been very influential on the work of Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben.

Ludwig Wittgenstein made a remark recorded by Friedrich Waismann: " To be sure, I can imagine what Heidegger means by being and anxiety " which has been construed by some commentators as sympathetic to Heidegger's philosophical approach.

The philosopher Charles Taylor, influenced by the 20th century German philosopher Martin Heidegger, has proposed that reason ought to include the faculty of disclosure, which is tied to the way we make sense of things in everyday life, as a new " department " of reason.

Husserl's conception of phenomenology has been criticised and developed not only by himself, but also by his student and assistant Martin Heidegger, by existentialists, such as Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Jean-Paul Sartre, and by other philosophers, such as Paul Ricoeur, Emmanuel Levinas, and Dietrich von Hildebrand.

Martin Heidegger had also been said to show misanthropy in his concern of the " they " — the tendency of people to conform to one view, which no-one has really thought through, but is just followed because, " they say so ".

The idea of an unchangeable human nature has been criticized by Kierkegaard, Marx, Heidegger, Sartre, and many other existential thinkers.

As an example of efforts in recent times, Heidegger ( who himself drew on ancient Greek sources ) adopted German terms like Dasein to articulate the topic.

Several modern approaches build on such continental European exemplars as Heidegger, and apply metaphysical results to the understanding of human psychology and the human condition generally ( notably in the Existentialist tradition ).

Existentialist philosophers such as Sartre, as well as continental philosophers such as Hegel and Heidegger have also written extensively on the concept of being.

Sartre, popularly understood as misreading Heidegger ( an understanding supported by Heidegger's essay " Letter on Humanism " which responds to Sartre's famous address, " Existentialism is a Humanism "), employs modes of being in an attempt to ground his concept of freedom ontologically by distinguishing between being-in-itself and being-for-itself.

During this period Husserl had delivered lectures on internal time consciousness, which several decades later his former student Heidegger edited for publication.

Yet his colleague Heidegger was elected Rektor of the university on April 21 – 22, and joined the Nazi party.

In the summer of 1929 Husserl had studied carefully selected writings of Heidegger, coming to the conclusion that on several of their key positions they differed, e. g., Heidegger substituted Dasein for the pure ego, thus transforming phenomenology into an anthropology, a specie of psychologism strongly disfavored by Husserl.

He was at first impressed with Heidegger and began a book on him, but broke off the project when Heidegger became involved with the Nazis.

In Letter on Humanism, Heidegger criticized Sartre's existentialism:

Jacques Lacan, inspired by Heidegger and Saussure, built on Freud's psychoanalytic model of the subject, in which the " split subject " is constituted by a double bind: alienated from jouissance when he or she leaves the Real, enters into the Imaginary ( during the mirror stage ), and separates from the Other when he or she comes into the realm of language, difference, and demand in the Symbolic or the Name of the Father.

As early as the 1930s, Heidegger was giving lectures on Nietzsche ’ s thought.

Many references to Jünger can be found in Heidegger ’ s lectures on Nietzsche.

Like other contemporary French and Italian philosophers, Vattimo does not want, or only partially wants, to rely on Heidegger for understanding Nietzsche.

The second generation of Classicists, often trained in philosophy as well ( following Heidegger and Derrida, mainly ), built on their work, with authors such as Marcel Detienne ( now at Johns Hopkins ), Nicole Loraux, Medievalist and logician Alain De Libera ( Geneva ), Ciceronian scholar Carlos Lévy ( Sorbonne, Paris ) and Barbara Cassin ( Collége international de philosophie, Paris ).

* Heidegger on Truth ( Aletheia ) as Unconcealment

Writing extensively on Nietzsche in his later career, and offering a " phenomenological critique of Kant " in his Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics, Heidegger is known for his Post-Kantian philosophy.

In other words, Heidegger believed all investigations of being have historically focused on particular entities and their properties, or have treated Being itself as an entity, or substance, with properties.

A more authentic analysis of being would, for Heidegger, investigate " that on the basis of which beings are already understood ," or that which underlies all particular entities and allows them to show up as entities in the first place ( see world disclosure ).

Heidegger completed his doctoral thesis on psychologism in 1914 influenced by Neo-Thomism and Neo-Kantianism, and in 1916 finished his venia legendi with a thesis on Duns Scotus influenced by Heinrich Rickert and Edmund Husserl.

Heidegger was elected rector of the University on April 21, 1933, and joined the National Socialist German Workers ' ( Nazi ) Party on May 1.