As an example of efforts in recent times, Heidegger ( who himself drew on ancient Greek sources ) adopted German terms like Dasein to articulate the topic.

Heidegger coined the term " dasein " for this property of being in his influential work Being and Time (" this entity which each of us is himself … we shall denote by the term ' dasein.

Though Marcuse quickly distanced himself from Heidegger following Heidegger's endorsement of Nazism, it has been suggested by thinkers such as Juergen Habermas that an understanding of Marcuse's later thinking demands an appreciation of his early Heideggerian influence.

In this latter respect, Post-structuralists were, as a group, continuing the philosophical project initiated by Martin Heidegger, who saw himself as extending the implications of Friedrich Nietzsche's work.

Being and Time influenced many thinkers, including such existentialist thinkers as Jean-Paul Sartre ( although Heidegger distanced himself from existentialism — see below ).

" Gadamer nevertheless makes clear that Dilthey's influence was important in helping the youthful Heidegger " in distancing himself from the systematic ideal of Neo-Kantianism, as Heidegger acknowledges in Being and Time.

Heidegger himself, who is supposed to have broken with Husserl, bases his hermeneutics on an account of time that not only parallels Husserl's account in many ways but seems to have been arrived at through the same phenomenological method as was used by Husserl ....

Heidegger himself had contact with a number of leading Japanese intellectuals, including members of the Kyoto School, notably Hajime Tanabe and Kuki Shūzō.

In his postwar thinking, Heidegger distanced himself from Nazism, but his critical comments about Nazism seem " scandalous " to some since they tend to equate the Nazi war atrocities with other inhumane practices related to rationalisation and industrialisation, including the treatment of animals by factory farming.

Husserl's conception of phenomenology has been criticised and developed not only by himself, but also by his student and assistant Martin Heidegger, by existentialists, such as Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Jean-Paul Sartre, and by other philosophers, such as Paul Ricoeur, Emmanuel Levinas, and Dietrich von Hildebrand.

Husserl's conception of phenomenology has been criticized and developed not only by himself but also by his students Edith Stein and Martin Heidegger, by existentialists, such as Max Scheler, Nicolai Hartmann, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Jean-Paul Sartre, and by other philosophers, such as Paul Ricoeur, Emmanuel Levinas, and sociologists Alfred Schütz and Eric Voegelin.

Heidegger himself states their differences this way:

Beckett said, though he liked Nausea, he generally found the writing style of Sartre and Heidegger to be " too philosophical " and he considered himself " not a philosopher ".

" I was born ," Heidegger himself said, " a Swiss, and came to England without a farthing, where I have found means to gain 5000 a year, — and to spend it.

Benoist considers himself, however, neither left nor right-wing, and has recently tried to appear less radical: in his preference for Martin Heidegger over his first influence, Friedrich Nietzsche ; his support of multiculturalism rather than disappearance of immigrants ' identities ( though he does not support immigration itself ); his interest in ecology ; and a less aggressive view of Christianity.

" Ryle, having engaged in detailed study of the key works of Bernard Bolzano, Franz Brentano, Alexius Meinong, Edmund Husserl, and Martin Heidegger, himself suggested instead that the book " could be described as a sustained essay in phenomenology, if you are at home with that label.

Martin Heidegger, one of the leading figures of Continental philosophy in the 20th century, sought to distance himself from Hegel's work.

Emil Lask was influenced by Husserl's work, and himself exerted a remarkable influence on the young Martin Heidegger.

Heidegger nevertheless retains links both to humanism and to existentialism despite his efforts to distance himself from both in the " Letter on Humanism " ( 1947 ).

When Heidegger and Sartre speak of a contrast between being and existence, they may be right, I don't know, but their language is too philosophical for me.

It is Martin Heidegger, not Nietzsche, who elaborated a new interpretation of Aristotle, intended to warrant his deconstruction of scholastic and philosophical tradition.

Martin Heidegger argued that the relation between the subject and object is ambiguous, as is the relation of mind and body, and part and whole.

Heidegger, in his quest to re-pose the original pre-Socratic question of Being, wondered at how to meaningfully ask the question of the meaning of being, since it is both the greatest, as it includes everything that is, and the least, since no particular thing can be said of it.

Sartre, popularly understood as misreading Heidegger ( an understanding supported by Heidegger's essay " Letter on Humanism " which responds to Sartre's famous address, " Existentialism is a Humanism "), employs modes of being in an attempt to ground his concept of freedom ontologically by distinguishing between being-in-itself and being-for-itself.

Martin Heidegger is the best known of Husserl's students, the one whom Husserl chose as his successor at Freiburg.

Academic discussion of Husserl and Heidegger is extensive.

Jacques Lacan, inspired by Heidegger and Saussure, built on Freud's psychoanalytic model of the subject, in which the " split subject " is constituted by a double bind: alienated from jouissance when he or she leaves the Real, enters into the Imaginary ( during the mirror stage ), and separates from the Other when he or she comes into the realm of language, difference, and demand in the Symbolic or the Name of the Father.

It is only recently that Heidegger ’ s influence on nihilism research by Nietzsche has faded.

The principle of this devaluation is, according to Heidegger, the Will to Power.

One of Heidegger ’ s main critiques on philosophy is that philosophy, and more specifically metaphysics, has forgotten to discriminate between investigating the notion of a Being ( Seiende ) and Being ( Sein ).

And because metaphysics has forgotten to ask about the notion of Being ( what Heidegger calls Seinsvergessenheit ), it is a history about the destruction of Being.

That is why Heidegger calls metaphysics nihilistic.

For example, in a letter to the rector of Freiburg University of November 4, 1945, Heidegger, inspired by Jünger, tries to explain the notion of “ God is dead ” as the “ reality of the Will to Power .” Heidegger also praises Jünger for defending Nietzsche against a too biological or anthropological reading during the Third Reich.

Heidegger proposes that our way of being human and the way the world is for us are cast historically through a fundamental ontological questioning.

For Heidegger, however, communication in the first place is not among human beings, but language itself shapes up in response to questioning ( the inexhaustible meaning of ) being.

Influential to thinkers associated with Postmodernism are Heidegger's critique of the subject-object or sense-knowledge division implicit in Rationalism, Empiricism and Methodological Naturalism, his repudiation of the idea that facts exist outside or separately from the process of thinking and speaking them ( however, Heidegger is not specifically a Nominalist ), his related admission that the possibilities of philosophical and scientific discourse are wrapped up in the practices and expectations of a society and that concepts and fundamental constructs are the expression of a lived, historical exercise rather than simple derivations of external, apriori conditions independent from historical mind and changing experience ( see Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Heinrich von Kleist, Weltanschauung and Social Constructionism ), and his Instrumentalist and Negativist notion that Being ( and, by extension, reality ) is an action, method, tendency, possibility and question rather than a discreet, positive, identifiable state, answer or entity ( see also Process Philosophy, Dynamism, Instrumentalism, Pragmatism and Vitalism ).

For Heidegger, Descartes means by " substance " that by which " we can understand nothing else than an entity which is in such a way that it need no other entity in order to be.

Heidegger showed the inextricable relationship between the concept of substance and of subject, which explains why, instead of talking about " man " or " humankind ", he speaks about the Dasein, which is not a simple subject, nor a substance.

A similar difficulty of translation is true of Hegel, Heidegger, and a number of other German philosophers and poets.

The second generation of Classicists, often trained in philosophy as well ( following Heidegger and Derrida, mainly ), built on their work, with authors such as Marcel Detienne ( now at Johns Hopkins ), Nicole Loraux, Medievalist and logician Alain De Libera ( Geneva ), Ciceronian scholar Carlos Lévy ( Sorbonne, Paris ) and Barbara Cassin ( Collége international de philosophie, Paris ).

The denazification procedures against Heidegger continued until March 1949, when he was finally pronounced a " Mitläufer " ( literally, mit = with, Läufer = runner, i. e. " one who runs along with ", but the equivalent meaning in English is closer to " bandwagon effect " or " herd instinct ", standing for the notion that people often do and believe things merely because many other people do and believe the same things ) of National Socialism, and no punitive measures against him were proposed.

Heidegger often went for a walk on the path in this field.

In his attitude towards the Nazis, he is often likened to Martin Heidegger as well as his younger friend and colleague Carl Schmitt, but it is clear that, while the latter two tried to be the vanguard thinkers for the Third Reich in their field and only became critical when they were too individualistic and elbowed out from their power positions, Sombart was always much more ambivalent.

" Fortunately, Heidegger recognized the dangers inherent to talking about Being in general and particular beings, and thus devoted space in Being and Time and the Introduction to Metaphysics to an explication of the differences ; often noted by translators who distinguish Being ( Sein ), from a being ( das Seiende ).

Due to the drastically different use of the term " Dasein " between the two philosophers, there is often some confusion in students who begin with either Heidegger or Jaspers and subsequently study the other.

This work is often seen as consisting in part of a variably implicit and explicit critique of the work of Martin Heidegger, whose formal ties to the Nazi party are well known.

Never one to hide his own unbelief, he often commented that his two main goals were to demolish the influence of Heidegger and keep alive the memory of Wilhelm Reich, the much-reviled psychoanalyst whose critiques of religion Edwards felt remained valid.