As an example of efforts in recent times, Heidegger ( who himself drew on ancient Greek sources ) adopted German terms like Dasein to articulate the topic.

Heidegger coined the term " dasein " for this property of being in his influential work Being and Time (" this entity which each of us is himself … we shall denote by the term ' dasein.

Though Marcuse quickly distanced himself from Heidegger following Heidegger's endorsement of Nazism, it has been suggested by thinkers such as Juergen Habermas that an understanding of Marcuse's later thinking demands an appreciation of his early Heideggerian influence.

In this latter respect, Post-structuralists were, as a group, continuing the philosophical project initiated by Martin Heidegger, who saw himself as extending the implications of Friedrich Nietzsche's work.

Being and Time influenced many thinkers, including such existentialist thinkers as Jean-Paul Sartre ( although Heidegger distanced himself from existentialism — see below ).

" Gadamer nevertheless makes clear that Dilthey's influence was important in helping the youthful Heidegger " in distancing himself from the systematic ideal of Neo-Kantianism, as Heidegger acknowledges in Being and Time.

Heidegger himself had contact with a number of leading Japanese intellectuals, including members of the Kyoto School, notably Hajime Tanabe and Kuki Shūzō.

In his postwar thinking, Heidegger distanced himself from Nazism, but his critical comments about Nazism seem " scandalous " to some since they tend to equate the Nazi war atrocities with other inhumane practices related to rationalisation and industrialisation, including the treatment of animals by factory farming.

Husserl's conception of phenomenology has been criticised and developed not only by himself, but also by his student and assistant Martin Heidegger, by existentialists, such as Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Jean-Paul Sartre, and by other philosophers, such as Paul Ricoeur, Emmanuel Levinas, and Dietrich von Hildebrand.

Husserl's conception of phenomenology has been criticized and developed not only by himself but also by his students Edith Stein and Martin Heidegger, by existentialists, such as Max Scheler, Nicolai Hartmann, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Jean-Paul Sartre, and by other philosophers, such as Paul Ricoeur, Emmanuel Levinas, and sociologists Alfred Schütz and Eric Voegelin.

Heidegger himself states their differences this way:

Beckett said, though he liked Nausea, he generally found the writing style of Sartre and Heidegger to be " too philosophical " and he considered himself " not a philosopher ".

Heidegger himself is often identified as an existentialist, though he would have rejected this.

" I was born ," Heidegger himself said, " a Swiss, and came to England without a farthing, where I have found means to gain 5000 a year, — and to spend it.

Benoist considers himself, however, neither left nor right-wing, and has recently tried to appear less radical: in his preference for Martin Heidegger over his first influence, Friedrich Nietzsche ; his support of multiculturalism rather than disappearance of immigrants ' identities ( though he does not support immigration itself ); his interest in ecology ; and a less aggressive view of Christianity.

" Ryle, having engaged in detailed study of the key works of Bernard Bolzano, Franz Brentano, Alexius Meinong, Edmund Husserl, and Martin Heidegger, himself suggested instead that the book " could be described as a sustained essay in phenomenology, if you are at home with that label.

Martin Heidegger, one of the leading figures of Continental philosophy in the 20th century, sought to distance himself from Hegel's work.

Emil Lask was influenced by Husserl's work, and himself exerted a remarkable influence on the young Martin Heidegger.

Heidegger nevertheless retains links both to humanism and to existentialism despite his efforts to distance himself from both in the " Letter on Humanism " ( 1947 ).

It is Martin Heidegger, not Nietzsche, who elaborated a new interpretation of Aristotle, intended to warrant his deconstruction of scholastic and philosophical tradition.

Some philosophers who have had more noteworthy theories are Parmenides, Leucippus, Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Plotinus, Aquinas, Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Hegel, Heidegger, and Sartre.

Although it was Sartre who explicitly coined the phrase, similar notions can be found in the thought of existentialist philosophers such as Kierkegaard and Heidegger.

Maurice Merleau-Ponty () ( 14 March 1908 – 3 May 1961 ) was a French phenomenological philosopher, strongly influenced by Karl Marx, Edmund Husserl, and Martin Heidegger in addition to being closely associated with Jean-Paul Sartre ( who later stated he had been " converted " to Marxism by Merleau-Ponty ) and Simone de Beauvoir.

Many postmodern thinkers who investigated the problem of nihilism as put forward by Nietzsche, were influenced by Martin Heidegger ’ s interpretation of Nietzsche.

Habermas, Lyotard and Rorty are also philosophers who are influenced by Heidegger ’ s interpretation of Nietzsche.

Modern philosophers who appeal to process rather than substance include Heidegger, Charles Peirce, Alfred North Whitehead, Robert M. Pirsig, Charles Hartshorne, Arran Gare and Nicholas Rescher.

Whitehead's thinking here has given rise to process theology, whose prominent advocates include Charles Hartshorne, John B. Cobb, Jr., and Hans Jonas, who was also influenced by the non-theological philosopher Martin Heidegger.

The denazification procedures against Heidegger continued until March 1949, when he was finally pronounced a " Mitläufer " ( literally, mit = with, Läufer = runner, i. e. " one who runs along with ", but the equivalent meaning in English is closer to " bandwagon effect " or " herd instinct ", standing for the notion that people often do and believe things merely because many other people do and believe the same things ) of National Socialism, and no punitive measures against him were proposed.

In the course of his existential analytic, Heidegger argues that Dasein, who finds itself thrown into the world amidst things and with others, is thrown into its possibilities, including the possibility and inevitability of one's own mortality.

Paul Hsao records Chang Chung-Yuan saying that " Heidegger is the only Western Philosopher who not only intellectually understands but has intuitively grasped Taoist thought.

An important witness to Heidegger's continued allegiance to National Socialism during the post-rectorship period is his former student Karl Löwith, who met Heidegger in 1936 while Heidegger was visiting Rome.

Even though Heidegger is considered by many observers to be the most influential philosopher of the 20th century in continental philosophy, aspects of his work have been criticised by those who nevertheless acknowledge this influence, such as Hans-Georg Gadamer and Jacques Derrida.

Sheets-Johnstone compares Rank's thought to that of three major Western philosophers — René Descartes, Martin Heidegger and Jacques Derrida: " Because immortality ideologies were originally recognized and in fact so named by Rank, a close examination of his writings on the subject is not only apposite but is itself philosophically rewarding ... Rank was a Freudian dissident who, in introducing the concept of immortality ideologies, traced out historical and psychological roots of ' soul-belief ' ( Seelenglaube )... chapter points up the extraordinary cogency of Rank's distinction between the rational and the irrational to the question of the human need for immortality ideologies " ( Sheets-Johnstone, 2008, p. 64 ).

John James Heidegger, a Swiss count who arrived in Italy in 1708, is credited with having introduced the Venetian fashion of a semi-public masquerade ball, to which one might subscribe, to London in the early eighteenth century, with the first being held at Haymarket Opera House.

The story attracted the attention of Heidegger, who observed, " The double sense of cura refers to care for something as concern, absorption in the world, but also care in the sense of devotion.

He suggested that there had been a division into two primary schools of study of generations until that time: positivists, such as Comte who measured social change in fifteen to thirty year life spans, which he argued reduced history to “ a chronological table .” The other school, the “ romantic-historical ” was represented by Dilthey and Martin Heidegger.

Jaspers, the psychoactive substance in the book, is named for Karl Jaspers, a German psychiatrist and philosopher and contemporary of Martin Heidegger who claimed that individual authenticity required a joining with the " transcendent other ," traditionally known as God.

It was then transformed by Martin Heidegger ( 1889 – 1976 ), whose famous book Being and Time applied phenomenology to ontology, and who, along with Ludwig Wittgenstein, is considered one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century.

It links to Heidegger and Edmund Husserl through the teaching of Alfred Schutz, who was also Berger's PhD adviser.

In Natural Right and History Strauss begins with a critique of Max Weber's epistemology, briefly engages the relativism of Martin Heidegger ( who goes unnamed ), and continues with a discussion of the evolution of natural rights via an analysis of the thought of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke.

When Heidegger and Sartre speak of a contrast between being and existence, they may be right, I don't know, but their language is too philosophical for me.

Martin Heidegger argued that the relation between the subject and object is ambiguous, as is the relation of mind and body, and part and whole.

Heidegger, in his quest to re-pose the original pre-Socratic question of Being, wondered at how to meaningfully ask the question of the meaning of being, since it is both the greatest, as it includes everything that is, and the least, since no particular thing can be said of it.

Sartre, popularly understood as misreading Heidegger ( an understanding supported by Heidegger's essay " Letter on Humanism " which responds to Sartre's famous address, " Existentialism is a Humanism "), employs modes of being in an attempt to ground his concept of freedom ontologically by distinguishing between being-in-itself and being-for-itself.

Martin Heidegger is the best known of Husserl's students, the one whom Husserl chose as his successor at Freiburg.

Academic discussion of Husserl and Heidegger is extensive.

Jacques Lacan, inspired by Heidegger and Saussure, built on Freud's psychoanalytic model of the subject, in which the " split subject " is constituted by a double bind: alienated from jouissance when he or she leaves the Real, enters into the Imaginary ( during the mirror stage ), and separates from the Other when he or she comes into the realm of language, difference, and demand in the Symbolic or the Name of the Father.

It is only recently that Heidegger ’ s influence on nihilism research by Nietzsche has faded.

The principle of this devaluation is, according to Heidegger, the Will to Power.

One of Heidegger ’ s main critiques on philosophy is that philosophy, and more specifically metaphysics, has forgotten to discriminate between investigating the notion of a Being ( Seiende ) and Being ( Sein ).

And because metaphysics has forgotten to ask about the notion of Being ( what Heidegger calls Seinsvergessenheit ), it is a history about the destruction of Being.

That is why Heidegger calls metaphysics nihilistic.

For example, in a letter to the rector of Freiburg University of November 4, 1945, Heidegger, inspired by Jünger, tries to explain the notion of “ God is dead ” as the “ reality of the Will to Power .” Heidegger also praises Jünger for defending Nietzsche against a too biological or anthropological reading during the Third Reich.

Heidegger proposes that our way of being human and the way the world is for us are cast historically through a fundamental ontological questioning.

For Heidegger, however, communication in the first place is not among human beings, but language itself shapes up in response to questioning ( the inexhaustible meaning of ) being.

Influential to thinkers associated with Postmodernism are Heidegger's critique of the subject-object or sense-knowledge division implicit in Rationalism, Empiricism and Methodological Naturalism, his repudiation of the idea that facts exist outside or separately from the process of thinking and speaking them ( however, Heidegger is not specifically a Nominalist ), his related admission that the possibilities of philosophical and scientific discourse are wrapped up in the practices and expectations of a society and that concepts and fundamental constructs are the expression of a lived, historical exercise rather than simple derivations of external, apriori conditions independent from historical mind and changing experience ( see Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Heinrich von Kleist, Weltanschauung and Social Constructionism ), and his Instrumentalist and Negativist notion that Being ( and, by extension, reality ) is an action, method, tendency, possibility and question rather than a discreet, positive, identifiable state, answer or entity ( see also Process Philosophy, Dynamism, Instrumentalism, Pragmatism and Vitalism ).

For Heidegger, Descartes means by " substance " that by which " we can understand nothing else than an entity which is in such a way that it need no other entity in order to be.

Heidegger showed the inextricable relationship between the concept of substance and of subject, which explains why, instead of talking about " man " or " humankind ", he speaks about the Dasein, which is not a simple subject, nor a substance.

A similar difficulty of translation is true of Hegel, Heidegger, and a number of other German philosophers and poets.