According to Hippolytus of Rome ( Philosophumena, VII, xxiii ) Theodotus taught that Jesus was a man born of a virgin, according to the Council of Jerusalem, that he lived like other men, and was most pious ; but that at his baptism in the Jordan the " Christ " came down upon the man Jesus in the likeness of a dove.

4, 5, where he is called Theodotus ; Strabo xi.

: Diodotus, the governor of the thousand cities of Bactria ( Latin: " Theodotus, mille urbium Bactrianarum praefectus "), defected and proclaimed himself king ; all the other people of the Orient followed his example and seceded from the Macedonians.

:" Soon after, relieved by the death of Theodotus uses a erroneous version of the name, Arsaces made peace and concluded an alliance with his son, also by the name of Theodotus ; some time later he fought against Seleucus who came to punish the rebels, and he prevailed: the Parthians celebrated this day as the one that marked the beginning of their freedom " ( Justin, XLI, 4 )

Theodotus of Byzantium ( also known as Theodotus the Tanner and Theodotus the Shoemaker ; flourished late 2nd century ) was an early Christian writer from Byzantium, one of several named Theodotus whose writings were condemned as heresy in the early church.

The name could also come from the names of old Christian saints: Saint Theodulus, Theodocius or Theodotus.

But having been tempted to quit his stronghold and descend into the plain, he was there encountered and slain by Causisoleus, an Egyptian, one of the generals of Gallienus ( dux Gallieni ), brother of Theodotus who had defeated Mussius Aemilianus.

The first known exponent of Adoptionism in the 2nd century is Theodotus of Byzantium.

Though the persecution of Christians officially ended in 313, when Constantine I and his co-emperor, Licinius, issued the Edict of Milan which mandated toleration of Christians in the Roman Empire and freedom of worship, Theodotus martyrdom and persecution only ended in 324 and it is this event that the Church annually commemorates on March 2.

* 219 – 217 BCE: The northern portion of Coele-Syria is given to the Seleucid Empire in 219 through the betrayal of Governor Theodotus of Aetolia, who had held the province on behalf of Ptolemy IV Philopator.

Theodotus claimed that Jesus was born of the Virgin Mary and the Holy Spirit as a non-divine man, and though later " adopted " by God upon baptism ( that is to say, he became the Christ ), was not himself God until after his resurrection.

" provoking Jesus ' famous answer " As long as women bear children "— has echoes in other 2nd and 3rd century apocrypha and is instanced by Theodotus of Byzantium as if it were commonly known: " 67.

In 219 BC we find him besieging Ptolemais, which was held by the traitor Theodotus, who had revolted from Ptolemy to Antiochus III the Great ( 223 – 187 BC ).

Antiochus ' army was composed of 5, 000 light armed Daae, Carmanians and Cilicians under Byttacus the Macedonian, 10, 000 Phalangites ( the Argyraspides or Silver Shields ) under Theodotus the Aetolian, the man who had betrayed Ptolemy and handed much of Coele Syria and Phoenicia over to Antiochus, 20, 000 Phalangites under Nicarchus and Theodotus Hemiolius, 2, 000 Persian and Agrianian archers and slingers with 2, 000 Thracians under Menedemus of Alabanda, 5, 000 Medes, Cissians, Cadusii and Carmanians under the Aspasianus the Mede, 10, 000 Arabians under Zabdibelus, 5, 000 Greek mercenaries under Hippolochus the Thessalian, 1, 500 Cretans under Eurylochus and 1, 000 Neocretans under Zelys the Gortynian, 500 Lydian javelineers and 1, 000 Cardakes under Lysimachus the Gaul.

* Smith, William ( editor ); Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, " Theodotus ( 5 )", Boston, ( 1867 )

He also broke with Theodotus of Byzantium for his beliefs about Christ.

( Ref Opus cit Butler ) A certain Proclus ( or Proculus ), who had confessed the faith before the prosecutors and underwent torments in defence of it, subsequently was seduced into heresy by Asclepiodotus and Theodotus the banker, both disciples of Theodotus the Tanner, whom Victor, Zephyrinus's predecessor in the Chair of Peter, had excommunicated for reviving the heresy of Ebion that affirmed that Christ was only a mere man, though a prophet.

Theodotus ( in Greek Θεoδoτoς ) was an Aetolian, who at the accession of Antiochus III the Great ( 223 – 187 BC ) held the command of the important province of Coele-Syria for Ptolemy Philopator ( 221 – 204 BC ), king of Egypt.

About 250 BC Diodotus ( Theodotus ), governor of Bactria under the Seleucidae, declared his independence, and commenced the history of the Greco-Bactrian dynasties, which succumbed to Parthian and nomadic movements about 126 BC.

Therefore wonders ( Greek dynameis ) were not wrought in him until the Spirit ( which Theodotus called Christ ) came down and was manifested in Him.

Ptolemy, advised by his regent, the eunuch Pothinus, and his rhetoric tutor Theodotus of Chios, did not take into account that Caesar was granting amnesty to a great number of those of the senatorial faction in their defeat.

Other contemporary authors in the Greek world confirm this including Theodotus the Shoemaker, Athenaeus and Alexander of Aphrodisias.

Gallienus, knowing that he could not afford the loss of control on the vital Egyptian granaries, sent his general Theodotus against Aemilianus.

Theodotus of Byzantium, Artemon and Paul of Samosata denied the pre-existence of Christ but accepted the virgin birth.

* John succeeds Theodotus as patriarch of Antioch, and gives his support to Nestorius.

An early exponent of this belief was Theodotus of Byzantium.

The sole reign of Cleopatra was finally ended by a cabal of courtiers, led by the eunuch Pothinus, in connection with a half-Greek general, Achillas, and Theodotus of Chios.

Scalded to death in his bath by Theogos or Theodotus, at the orders of Ptolemy IV.

One of its first bishops, Theodotus, was arrested and tortured between 307-324, under the reign of Licinius.

They are mentioned in the works of Photius, Patriarch Atticus ( 406 – 425 ), Theodotus of Antioch and Sisinnius.

Theodotus succeeded John as praetorian prefect in late May or early June 541.

( c. 4 ), who likewise follows Hippolytus's Compendium, adds some further particulars ; that ' Abraxas ' gave birth to Mind ( nous ), the first in the series of primary powers enumerated likewise by Irenaeus and Epiphanius ; that the world, as well as the 365 heavens, was created in honour of ' Abraxas ;' and that Christ was sent not by the Maker of the world but by ' Abraxas.

The same account is believed, at least to some extent, by Jerome and other writers in the 4th century ; but it is irreconcilable with the traditional account of the character of Nicolas given by Clement of Alexandria, an earlier writer than Epiphanius.

It does not appear that the Oriental philosophy, or the earliest Gnostic systems, recognised any place higher than the eighth sphere ; and it is here that according to the account of Epiphanius ( Haer.

The patriarch Epiphanius invited him to perform Mass ; but the pope, mindful of the traditional policy of encroachment, refused to do so until they had offered him the first seat.

The texts appear not to have been given a polish but consist of rough notes and sketches, as Allen A. Shaw, a modern commentator, concluded ; nevertheless Epiphanius ' work on metrology was important in the History of measurement.

He is clearly quoting a writer who was at Rome in the time of Anicetus and made a list of popes A list which has some curious agreements with Epiphanius in that it extends only to Anicetus, is found in the poem of Pseudo-Tertullian against Marcion ; apparently Epiphanius has mistaken Marcion for " Marcellina ".

Ophite teaching was, most likely, dying out in the days of Hippolytus ; in the time of Epiphanius it was not absolutely extinct, but the notices in his work would lead us to think of it as but the eccentric doctrine of some stray heretic here and there, and not to have counted many adherents.

According to Epiphanius, and Josephus, Mount Carmel had been the stronghold of the Essenes that came from a place in Galilee named Nazareth ; though this Essene group are sometimes consequently referred to as Nazareans, they are not to be confused with the " Nazarene " sect, which followed the teachings of Jesus, but associated with the Pharisees.

He was the son of Epiphanius, governor of Cyprus, and was of noble descent ; in early life he was married and had children, but his wife and children soon died, and he entered the religious life.

; Eusebius and Epiphanius held that these men were Joseph's sons from ( an unrecorded ) former marriage Jerome, another important early theologian, also followed the perpetual virginity doctrine, but argued that these adelphoi were sons of Mary's sister, whom Jerome identified as Mary of Cleopas.

Ptolemy is known only for this letter to a wealthy gnostic lady named Flora, a letter itself only known by its full inclusion in Epiphanius ' Panarion ; it relates the gnostic view of the Law of Moses, and the situation of the Demiurge relative to this law.

; Epiphanius, Panarion, 31 ( including the Letter to Flora ); Theodoret, Haer.

' The Alexandrine Chronicle derives the Samaritans from Cainan *; Eustachius Antiochenus, the Saggodians ; George Syncellus, the Gaspheni ; Epiphanius the Cajani.

Citations of Pseudo-Clement are by the Palestinian Epiphanius, who found the romance among the Ebionites of Palestine ; by St. Jerome, who had dwelt in the Syrian desert and settled at Bethlehem ; by the travelled Rufinus ; by the Apostolical Constitutions, compiled in Syria or Palestine.

In 394, in consequence of the attack upon the doctrines of Origen made by Epiphanius of Salamis during a visit to Jerusalem, a fierce quarrel broke out, which found Rufinus and Jerome on different sides ; and, though three years afterwards a formal reconciliation was brought about between Jerome and John, the breach between Jerome and Rufinus remained unhealed.

It is not certain whether he actually married this lady ; she seems to have lost her money and retired to a convent, whereupon Ennodius entered the Church, and was ordained deacon ( about 493 ) by Epiphanius, bishop of Pavia.

The earliest reference to Epiphany as a Christian feast was in A. D. 361, by Ammianus Marcellinus St. Epiphanius says that 6 January is hemera genethlion toutestin epiphanion ( Christ's " Birthday ; that is, His Epiphany ").

In briefly sketching this version of Basilidianism, which most likely rests on later or corrupt accounts, our authorities are fundamentally two, Irenaeus and the lost early treatise of Hippolytus ; both having much in common, and both being interwoven together in the report of Epiphanius.

The two fullest accounts, those of Irenaeus and Epiphanius, add by way of appendix another particular of the antecedent mythology ; a short notice on the same subject being likewise inserted parenthetically by Hippolytus.