Similarly Robert Boyle, a prominent advocate of the experimental method, held that we have innate ideas.

Alfred Binet published Mental Fatigue in 1898, in which he attempted to apply the experimental method to educational psychology.

In this experimental method he advocated for two types of experiments, experiments done in the lab and experiments done in the classroom.

Aubrey's vivid account, which portrays Bacon as a martyr to experimental scientific method, had him journeying to Highgate through the snow with the King's physician when he is suddenly inspired by the possibility of using the snow to preserve meat: " They were resolved they would try the experiment presently.

Shortly after Ebbinghaus left Berlin in 1893, Dilthey published a paper extolling the virtues of descriptive psychology, and condemning experimental psychology as boring, claiming that the mind was too complex, and that introspection was the desired method of studying the mind.

Fresnel used a zone construction method to find approximate values of K for the different zones, which enabled him to make predictions which were in agreement with experimental results.

In 1656 he was made a reader at Bologna, and then a professor of physics at Pisa, where he began to abandon the disputative method of learning and apply himself to a more experimental method of research.

This latter element requires that before the acceptance of an affirmative decision by the experimental subject there should be made known to him the nature, duration, and purpose of the experiment ; the method and means by which it is to be conducted ; all inconveniences and hazards reasonable to be expected ; and the effects upon his health or person which may possibly come from his participation in the experiment.

The Montessori method arose from Dr. Maria Montessori's discovery of what she referred to as " the child's true normal nature " in 1907, which happened in the process of her experimental observation of young children given freedom in an environment prepared with materials designed for their self-directed learning activity.

The method itself aims to duplicate this experimental observation of children to bring about, sustain and support their true natural way of being.

Sophie had derived the correct differential equation, but her method did not predict experimental results with great accuracy, as she had relied on an incorrect equation from Euler, which led to incorrect boundary conditions.

Responses to the various and many treatments being tried are highly variable, with many patients often trying several treatments over the course of their diagnosis depending upon their levels of relief, the preferred method ( s ) of their doctor ( s ), and the affordability of these treatments ; many treatments are still experimental and often not covered by health insurance — or the particular doctor using them does not take insurance.

The patch was included in the mainline kernel as an experimental feature in 2. 6. 35, is a stable feature of 2. 6. 37, and is the default journal logging method in Linux 2. 6. 39.

Within the natural sciences, the term hard science is sometimes used to describe those sub-fields which some people view as relying on experimental, quantifiable data or the scientific method and focus on accuracy and objectivity.

A heuristic argument is an argument that reasons from the value of a method or principle that has been shown by experimental ( especially trial-and-error ) investigation to be a useful aid in learning, discovery and problem-solving.

Normally this validation is achieved by the scientific method of hypothesis commitment, experimental design, peer review, adversarial review, reproduction of results, conference presentation and journal publication

He was able to use his new analytical method to replace that of Aristotle, and he was able to use his method to tweak and update Galileo ’ s experimental method.

His major scientific achievements were the establishment of the physics of vacuums, the discovery of an experimental method for clearly demonstrating electrostatic repulsion, and his advocacy of the reality of " action at a distance " and of " absolute space ".

Although his research clearly has its roots in the alchemical tradition, Boyle is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist, and therefore one of the founders of modern chemistry, and one of the pioneers of modern experimental scientific method.

Igal Talmi developed a method to obtain the information from experimental data and use it to calculate and predict energies which have not been measured.

Thus, a phenomenological model is accepted as being an adequate method of capturing experimental behaviors.

He was essentially a theorist, and his great merit lay in the capacity of taking over experimental work that others had carried out — without always adequately recognizing their claims — and by a rigorous logical procedure, reinforced by his own quantitative experiments, of expounding the true explanation of the results.

Vertov clearly intended an active relationship with his audience in the series — in the final segment he includes contact information — but by the 14th episode the series had become so experimental that some critics dismissed Vertov's efforts as " insane ".

At the time of launch, the DSN had a small number of K < sub > a </ sub > receivers installed on an experimental basis ; K < sub > a </ sub > operations and missions are increasing.

Kraepelin would be a disciple of Wundt and had a lifelong interest in experimental psychology based on his theories.

Kaiser Permanente did not change its methods of evaluating whether or not new therapies were too " experimental " to be covered until it was successfully sued twice: once for delaying in vitro fertilization treatments for two years after the courts determined that scientific evidence of efficacy and safety had reached the " reasonable " stage ; and in another case where Kaiser refused to pay for liver transplantation in infants when it had already been shown to be effective in adults, on the basis that use in infants was still " experimental.

Illegal and experimental forward passes had been attempted as early as 1876, but the first legal forward pass in American football took place in 1906, after a change in rules.

Although it had been funding British experimental films as early as 1952, the British Film Institute's foundation of a production board in 1964 — and a substantial increase in public funding from 1971 onwards — enabled it to become a dominant force in developing British art cinema in the 1970s and 80s: from the first of Bill Douglas's Trilogy My Childhood ( 1972 ), and of Terence Davies ' Trilogy Childhood ( 1978 ), via Peter Greenaway's earliest films ( including the surprising commercial success of The Draughtsman's Contract ( 1982 )) and Derek Jarman's championing of the New Queer Cinema.

He had never attempted to bestow upon himself the title of the pioneer of experimental psychology, did not seek to have any “ disciples ”, and left the exploitation of the new field to others.

Many had seen Dilthey ’ s work as an outright attack on experimental psychology, Ebbinghaus included, and he responded to Dilthey with a personal letter and also a long scathing public article.

Some experimental and rare harmonicas also have had the reed-plates held in place by tension, such as the WWII era all-American models.

To obtain agreement with experimental results, he had to include additional arbitrary assumptions about the phase and amplitude of the secondary waves, and also an obliquity factor.

In order to get agreement with experimental results, Fresnel found that the individual contributions from the secondary waves on the sphere had to be multiplied by a constant, i / λ, and by an additional inclination factor, K ( χ ).

Starting in 1987, NHK began full-scale experimental broadcasting on two channels using satellite-to-audience signals, thus bringing service to remote and mountainous parts of the country that earlier had experienced poor reception.

The CEA argued that the dumps were experimental in nature, and that French oceanographers such as Vsevelod Romanovsky had recommended it.

The first British experimental design ( the destroyer HMS Velox ) had been constructed in 1901 and as a result Tirpitz had set up a special commission to develop turbines.

The machine had insufficient range ( 1440 km ) to operate over Britain, but had machine guns for use against aircraft and experimental 80 kg bombs.

Plastic tubing systems that had been experimental since the early part of the century were perfected, and the sap came directly from the tree to the evaporator house.

The first detection of tau neutrino interactions was announced in summer of 2000 by the DONUT collaboration at Fermilab, making it the latest particle of the Standard Model to have been directly observed ; its existence had already been inferred by both theoretical consistency and experimental data from the Large Electron – Positron Collider.

Much new equipment and many unique techniques have been developed for the quantitative exposure of experimental animals to aerosols of infectious agents contained in particles of specified dimensional characteristics.

Some agents have been shown to be much more toxic or infectious to experimental animals when exposed to aerosols of optimum particle size than by the natural portal.

It has further been shown that: ( 1 ) an experimental neurosis in its initial stages is associated with a reversible shift in the central autonomic balance ; ;

# It has been adapted to the analysis of a variety of experimental designs.

Though several configurations have been tried, particularly in the early experimental days of tank development, a standard, mature design configuration has since emerged to a generally accepted pattern.

A review of the methods used in trials of antipsychotics, despite stating that the overall quality is " rather good ," reported issues with the selection of participants ( including that in schizophrenia trials up to 90 % of people who are generally suitable do not meet the elaborate inclusion and exclusion criteria, and that negative symptoms have not been properly assessed despite companies marketing the newer antipsychotics for these ); issues with the design of trials ( including pharmaceutical company funding of most of them, and inadequate experimental " blinding " so that trial participants could sometimes tell whether they were on placebo or not ); and issues with the assessment of outcomes ( including the use of a minimal reduction in scores to show " response ," lack of assessment of quality of life or recovery, a high rate of discontinuation, selective highlighting of favorable results in the abstracts of publications, and poor reporting of side-effects ).

There are several invertebrate species whose brains have been studied intensively because they have properties that make them convenient for experimental work:

While rooted in rather different theories, these two traditions have been characterised by a constant reference to experimental research to test hypotheses, both at clinical and basic level.

It has been rejected by the mainstream scientific community because the original experimental results could not be replicated consistently and reliably,

The most widely accepted explanation for these phenomena is that dark matter exists and that it is most likely composed of heavy particles that interact only through gravity and possibly the weak force ; however, alternate explanations have been proposed, and there is not yet sufficient experimental evidence to determine which is correct.

Over 40 % efficiency has been demonstrated in experimental systems.

Some workers in the field have also attempted to formulate hidden variable theories that exploit loopholes in actual experiments, such as the assumptions made in interpreting experimental data, although no theory has been proposed that can reproduce all the results of quantum mechanics.

Skeptics claim that there is a lack of a viable theory of the mechanism behind ESP, and that there are historical cases in which flaws have been discovered in the experimental design of parapsychological studies.

It can create sensually provocative montages ; become a laboratory for experimental cinema ; bring out the emotional truth in an actor's performance ; create a point of view on otherwise obtuse events ; guide the telling and pace of a story ; create an illusion of danger where there is none ; give emphasis to things that would not have otherwise been noted ; and even create a vital subconscious emotional connection to the viewer, among many other possibilities.

Mineralogists have been able to use the pressure and temperature data from the seismic and modelling studies alongside knowledge of the elemental composition of the Earth at depth to reproduce these conditions in experimental settings and measure changes in crystal structure.

Medicines such as insulin and human growth hormone are now produced in bacteria, experimental mice such as the oncomouse and the knockout mouse are being used for research purposes and insect resistant and / or herbicide tolerant crops have been commercialized.

In vitro () studies in experimental biology are those that are conducted using components of an organism that have been isolated from their usual biological surroundings in order to permit a more detailed or more convenient analysis than can be done with whole organisms.

Up to now, no experimental or observational signs of extra dimensions have been officially reported.

In any case, other researchers were unable to duplicate Miller's claimed results, and in subsequent years the experimental accuracy of such measurements has been raised by many orders of magnitude, and no trace of any violations of Lorentz invariance has been seen.