Beyond a gift of $ 10 million for peace promotion, Carnegie also encouraged the " scientific " investigation of the various causes of war, and the adoption of judicial methods that should eventually eliminate them.

They established the principles and basic techniques of partition chromatography, and their work encouraged the rapid development of several chromatographic methods: paper chromatography, gas chromatography, and what would become known as high performance liquid chromatography.

Lavoisier instituted a crash program to increase saltpeter production, revised ( and later eliminated ) the droit de fouille, researched best refining and powder manufacturing methods, instituted management and record-keeping, and established pricing that encouraged private investment in works.

There is no evidence that any such " numerological strategy " yields a better outcome than pure chance, but the methods are sometimes encouraged, e. g. by casino owners.

This has encouraged councillors to use at times innovative methods to push forward their policies.

There are numerous other sorting methods to sort interlanguage links, but consistency between articles is encouraged.

His teaching methods reportedly provoked mixed reactions among parents because he encouraged his students to attend the mosque an additional two times a week.

It was during the last years in South America that the entire Phoenix family converted to veganism, encouraged by River and Joaquin, who had witnessed local fishermen's methods of killing their catch.

He had already made himself known by critical studies on the history of the Middle Ages, of which the most important was his Geschichte des ersten Kreuzzuges ( History of the First Crusade ) ( Düsseldorf, 1841 ; new ed., Leipzig, 1881 ), a work which, besides its merit as a valuable piece of historical investigation employing the critical methods he had learnt from Ranke, was also of some significance as a protest against the vaguely enthusiastic attitude encouraged by the Romantic school towards the Middle Ages.

After Joseph Stalin's rise to power, the Communist regime openly encouraged exclusively socialist realism methods and initiated a campaign to stamp out all culture the Communist Party perceived as dangerous.

Kittredge, in addition to being a well-known scholar of Chaucer and Shakespeare, was the son-in-law of renowned ballad scholar Francis James Child, whose professorship of English literature he inherited, and who continued Child's work in folklore. It was Kittredge who pioneered modern methods of ballad study, and who encouraged collectors to get out of their armchairs and library halls and to get out into the countryside to collect ballads first hand.

She was encouraged and guided by her teacher-then-husband Charles Seeger's dissonant counterpoint, as well — and also developed her own methods of composing.

The trend toward larger brewing companies started to change during the 1970s when the popularity of the Campaign for Real Ale ( CAMRA )' s campaign for traditional brewing methods, and the success of Michael Jackson's World Guide to Beer, encouraged brewers in the UK such as Peter Austin to form their own small breweries or brewpubs.

Brentano also encouraged Stumpf to take courses on the natural sciences because he considered both the substance and methods of science important to philosophy.

In recent years, the movement not only inspired numerous people to work on practical programmes of water management, energy conservation, afforestation, and recycling, but also encouraged scholars to start studying issues of environmental degradation and methods of conservation in the Himalayas and throughout India.

" The use of a " handle " ( nickname ) is encouraged by CB rule 17 only in conjunction with these methods, not by itself.

Members are encouraged to get others to join in a way that mirrors Komsomol indoctrination methods.

In an interview on July 3 and a letter of July 4, Elbegdorj even alleged that the MPRP's inaction had encouraged the rioters and that the MPRP was using dictatorial methods.

" Under her methods, personal responsibility was encouraged.

Describing current instructional methods as homogenization and lockstep standardization, alternative approaches are proposed, such as the Sudbury Model of Democratic Education schools, an alternative approach in which children, by enjoying personal freedom thus encouraged to exercise personal responsibility for their actions, learn at their own pace and style rather than following a compulsory and chronologically-based curriculum.

Describing current instructional methods as homogenization and lockstep standardization, alternative approaches are proposed, such as the Sudbury model schools, an alternative approach in which children, by enjoying personal freedom thus encouraged to exercise personal responsibility for their actions, learn at their own pace rather than following a chronologically-based curriculum.

As an international agriculturalist, he encouraged modern farming methods to improve food production in many nations, including the Soviet Union, Chile, Hungary, Germany, and France.

While a universal improvement of records for all nations and ages could hardly be expected in the nearest future, the study of institutional chronologies for particular countries and supranational unions should be encouraged through sophistication of methods and approaches.

Eakins encouraged new methods such as study from live models, direct discussion of anatomy in male and female classes, and dissections of cadavers to further familiarity and understanding of the human body.

Almost inevitably, the first result of this technological revolution was a reaction against the methods and in many cases the conclusions of the Oxford school of Stubbs, Freeman and ( particularly ) Green regarding the nature of the Anglo-Saxon conquest of Britain.

However, despite the insight of many of his observations, his own conclusions are open to suspicion because of his failure to employ at all times the correct research methods.

These data are not of the precision obtainable by the methods previously mentioned, but the vast number of approximate values available will be useful in many areas.

The quest for holism leads most anthropologists to study a particular place, problem or phenomenon in detail, using a variety of methods, over a more extensive period than normal in many parts of academia.

Biological anthropologists are interested in both human variation and in the possibility of human universals ( behaviors, ideas or concepts shared by virtually all human cultures ) They use many different methods of study, but modern population genetics, participant observation and other techniques often take anthropologists " into the field ," which means traveling to a community in its own setting, to do something called " fieldwork.

In many cases, rate enhancements methods may be used to speed up the generation of messages.

Among the many such methods, some are:

In an applet-enabled web browser, many methods can be used to provide applet security for malicious applets.

Alcott's methods were not well received ; many found his conversations on the Gospels close to blasphemous.

There are many methods of collecting and conserving water.

Asymptotes of many elementary functions can be found without the explicit use of limits ( although the derivations of such methods typically use limits ).

There are many methods for breast reconstruction.

Biotechnology draws on the pure biological sciences ( genetics, microbiology, animal cell culture, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology ) and in many instances it is also dependent on knowledge and methods from outside the sphere of biology ( chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics ).

In the 1980s, there was a dramatic growth in research and applications of Bayesian methods, mostly attributed to the discovery of Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, which removed many of the computational problems, and an increasing interest in nonstandard, complex applications.

These newer concerns are among the many factors causing researchers to investigate new methods of computing such as the quantum computer, as well as to expand the usage of parallelism and other methods that extend the usefulness of the classical von Neumann model.

This is a very simple view of CPU address space, and many designs use more complex addressing methods like paging to locate more memory than their integer range would allow with a flat address space.

There are very many methods of cooking, most of which have been known since antiquity.

For many decades, consciousness as a research topic was avoided by the majority of mainstream scientists, because of a general feeling that a phenomenon defined in subjective terms could not properly be studied using objective experimental methods.

The latter two methods are used less frequently than keyboard-based input methods and suffer from relatively high error rates, especially when used without proper " training ", though higher error rates are an acceptable trade-off to many users.

Significant errors can present themselves in ab initio models comprising many electrons, due to the computational expense of full relativistic-inclusive methods.

The programs used in computational chemistry are based on many different quantum-chemical methods that solve the molecular Schrödinger equation associated with the molecular Hamiltonian.

Density functional theory ( DFT ) methods are often considered to be ab initio methods for determining the molecular electronic structure, even though many of the most common functionals use parameters derived from empirical data, or from more complex calculations.