This book inspired Douglas Hofstadter to take up the study of mathematical logic, write his famous book Gödel, Escher, Bach, and prepare a second edition of Gödel's Proof, published in 2002.

The historian Richard Hofstadter addressed the role of paranoia and conspiracism throughout American history in his essay The Paranoid Style in American Politics, published in 1964.

This is a newer book by Hofstadter that includes the history of Gödel's numbering.

The " liberal consensus " school, typified by David Potter, Daniel Boorstin and Richard Hofstadter followed Hartz in emphasizing that political conflicts in American history remained within the tight boundaries of a liberal consensus regarding private property, individual rights, and representative government.

Knopf's personal interest in the fields of history, sociology, and science led to close friendships in the academic community with such noted historians as Richard Hofstadter, Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., and Samuel Eliot Morison.

Hofstadter then studied philosophy and history at the University at Buffalo, from 1933, under the diplomatic historian Julius W. Pratt.

In 1936, Hofstadter entered the doctoral program in history at Columbia University, where Merle Curti was demonstrating how to synthesize intellectual, social, and political history based upon secondary sources rather than primary-source archival research.

In 1942, Hofstadter earned his doctorate in history and in 1944 published his dissertation Social Darwinism in American Thought, 1860 – 1915, a pithy and commercially successful ( 200, 000 copies ) critique of late nineteenth-century American capitalism and its ruthless " dog-eat-dog " economic competition and Social Darwinian self-justification.

From 1942 to 1946 Hofstadter taught history at the University of Maryland.

Hofstadter disliked the term, but it was widely applied to his rejection of the Beardian idea that there was a fundamental conflict running throughout American history that pitted economic classes against each other.

As a consensus historian, Hofstadter rejected Beard's interpretation of history as a succession of socio-economic group conflicts.

As an historian, Hofstadter ’ s ground-breaking work came in using social psychology concepts to explain political history.

While not publishing his harshest thoughts, Hofstadter said privately that Turner no longer was a useful guide to history, because he was too obsessed with the frontier and his ideas too often had " a pound of false-hood for every few ounces of truth ".

Hofstadter specifically responded to Beard's social-conflict model of U. S. history, which emphasized the struggle among competing economic groups ( primarily farmers, Southern slavers, Northern industrialists, and workers ) and discounted abstract political rhetoric which rarely translated into action.

As a senior professor at a leading graduate university, Hofstadter directed more than one hundred finished doctoral dissertations but gave his graduate students only cursory attention ; that academic latitude enabled them to find their own models of history.

Some adopted New Left perspectives that he rejected, among them were Herbert Gutman, Eric Foner, Lawrence W. Levine, Linda Kerber, and Paula Fass, while others, such as Eric McKitrick and Stanley Elkins, were more conservative than he ; hence, Hofstadter had few disciples and founded no school of history writing.

* 1916 – Richard Hofstadter, American historian ( d. 1970 )

Richard Hofstadter, in his essay The Paranoid Style in American Politics, stated that:

Douglas Richard Hofstadter ( born February 15, 1945 ) is an American professor of cognitive science whose research focuses on consciousness, analogy-making, artistic creation, literary translation, and discovery in mathematics and physics.

In April 2009 Hofstadter was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a member of the American Philosophical Society.

When Martin Gardner retired from writing his " Mathematical Games " column for Scientific American magazine, Hofstadter succeeded him in 1981 – 1983 with a column entitled Metamagical Themas ( an anagram of " Mathematical Games ").

* 1945 – Douglas Hofstadter, American academic and writer

A January 1983 Metamagical Themas column by Douglas Hofstadter, in Scientific American, was influential as was his 1985 book of the same name.

* 1990 – Robert Hofstadter, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate ( b. 1915 )

* February 5 – Robert Hofstadter, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1990 )

The term was popularized in the United States in 1944 by the American historian Richard Hofstadter who used it in the ideological war effort against fascism to denote a reactionary creed which promoted competitive strife, racism and nationalism.

Zinn regularly included it in his lists of recommended readings, and after Barack Obama was elected President of the United States, Zinn wrote, " If Richard Hofstadter were adding to his book The American Political Tradition, in which he found both ' conservative ' and ' liberal ' presidents, both Democrats and Republicans, maintaining for dear life the two critical characteristics of the American system, nationalism and capitalism, Obama would fit the pattern.

Robert Hofstadter ( February 5, 1915 – November 17, 1990 ) was an American physicist.

Metamagical Themas is a collection of eclectic articles written for Scientific American during the early 1980s by Douglas Hofstadter, and published together as a book in 1985 by Basic Books ( ISBN 0-465-04566-9 ).

* 1964: Anti-intellectualism in American Life by Richard Hofstadter

" While Hofstadter is generally credited with popularizing the term in his book " Social Darwinism in American Life " it was Talcott Parsons who paved the way for Hofstadter.

Richard Hofstadter concluded in 1968: " Today Beard's reputation stands like an imposing ruin in the landscape of American historiography.

Historian Richard J. Hofstadter called it, in his 1964 essay " The Paranoid Style in American Politics ", " robably the most widely read contemporary book in the United States before Uncle Tom ’ s Cabin.

The breakthrough was found by Morwen Thistlethwaite ; details of Thistlethwaite's Algorithm were published in Scientific American in 1981 by Douglas Hofstadter.

* Richard Hofstadter, " The Tariff Issue on the Eve of the Civil War ," American Historical Review, 64 ( October 1938 ): 50 – 55, shows Northern business had little interest in tariff in 1860, except for Pennsylvania which demanded high tariff on iron products

Hofstadter is College of Arts and Sciences Distinguished Professor of Cognitive Science and Comparative Literature at Indiana University in Bloomington, where he directs the Center for Research on Concepts and Cognition which consists of himself and his graduate students, forming the " Fluid Analogies Research Group " ( FARG ).

Provoked by predictions of a technological singularity ( the hypothetical moment at which artificial intelligence will surpass human intelligence ), Hofstadter has both organized and participated in several public discussions of the topic.

Hofstadter was also an invited panelist at the first Singularity Summit, held at Stanford in May 2006.

A trivial example of the specific form of the Eliza effect, given by Douglas Hofstadter, involves an automated teller machine which displays the words " THANK YOU " at the end of a transaction.

Hofstadter taught at Stanford University from 1950 to 1985.

* Hofstadter, Robert, " Robert Hofstadter's speech at the Nobel Banquet ", The Nobel Foundation, Stockholm, December 10, 1961.

* Flint, Peter B., " Obituary: Dr. Robert Hofstadter Dies at 75 ; Won Nobel Prize in Physics in ' 61 ", The New York Times, November 19, 1990.

* Robert Hofstadter Memorial Lectures, annually presented at the Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Department of Physics and as of March 2011 listed under individual years ' calendars in the Department's official pages at the Stanford University website

He then briefly studied at Lincoln College at the University of Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar before studying for his PhD at Indiana University Bloomington under Douglas Hofstadter.

Schawlow and Professor Robert Hofstadter at Stanford, who also had an autistic child, teamed up to help each other find solutions to the condition.

Hofstadter, the DeWitt Clinton Professor of American History at Columbia University, became the " iconic historian of postwar liberal consensus ", largely due to his emphasis on ideas and political culture rather than the day-to-day doings of politicians.

" Thus Hofstadter argued, " The application of depth psychology to politics, chancy though it is, has at least made us acutely aware that politics can be a projective arena for feelings and impulses that are only marginally related to the manifest issues.

Hofstadter, influenced by his wife, was a member of the Young Communist League at university, and in April 1938 he joined the Communist Party of the USA ; he quit in 1939.

14, No. 3 ( Sep., 1941 ), pp. 457 – 477 online at JSTOR, reprinted in Hofstadter, Social Darwinism in American Thought, 1860 – 1915 ( 1944 ).