Aside from Eugene Onegin, Hofstadter has translated many other poems ( always respecting their formal constraints ), and two other novels ( in prose ): La Chamade ( That Mad Ache ) by French writer Françoise Sagan, and La Scoperta dell ' Alba ( The Discovery of Dawn ) by Walter Veltroni, the then head of the Partito Democratico in Italy.

As complements to spoonerism, Douglas Hofstadter used the nonce terms kniferism and forkerism to refer to interchanging the nuclei and codas, respectively, of syllables ( spoonerism then being reserved for exchange of the onsets ).

There are three articles centered on the Lisp programming language, where Hofstadter first details the language itself, and then shows how it relates to Gödel's incompleteness theorem.

Dewdney followed Martin Gardner and Douglas Hofstadter in authoring Scientific American's recreational mathematics column, which he renamed to " Computer Recreations ", then " Mathematical Recreations ", from 1984 to 1993 ( with the last few appearing in Algorithm ).

He then briefly studied at Lincoln College at the University of Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar before studying for his PhD at Indiana University Bloomington under Douglas Hofstadter.

Sheldon's roommate, Leonard Hofstadter, then quips that " 73 is the Chuck Norris of numbers ," to which Sheldon replies " Chuck Norris wishes.

In his Pulitzer Prize-winning historical essay on American anti-intellectualism, historian Richard Hofstadter wrote: " During the campaign of 1952, the country seemed to be in need of some term to express that disdain for intellectuals which had by then become a self-conscious motif in American politics.

Popularised by Douglas Hofstadter who wrote several books on himself and the subject of self-reference, often over 700 pages, is the subject of a comical six-word biography created by Randall Munroe, " I'm So Meta, Even This Acronym ," the acronym of which forms " ISMETA " which would then complete the sentence.

He then suggests that this was “ just one more piece of evidence for the rather recursive Hofstadter ’ s Law .”

In this book, Hofstadter jokingly describes himself as " pilingual " ( meaning that the sum total of the varying degrees of mastery of all the languages that he's studied comes to 3. 14159 ...), as well as an " oligoglot " ( someone who speaks " a few " languages ).

Within philosophy familiar names include Daniel Dennett who writes from a computational systems perspective, John Searle known for his controversial Chinese room, Jerry Fodor who advocates functionalism, and Douglas Hofstadter, famous for writing Gödel, Escher, Bach, which questions the nature of words and thought.

Half a century after his death, his work was dismissed as a " parody of philosophy ", and the historian Richard Hofstadter called him " the metaphysician of the homemade intellectual, and the prophet of the cracker-barrel agnostic.

Victim of the Brain is a 1988 film by Dutch director Piet Hoenderdos, loosely based on The Mind's I, a compilation of texts and stories on the philosophy of mind and self, co-edited by Douglas Hofstadter and Daniel C. Dennett.

The historian Richard Hofstadter addressed the role of paranoia and conspiracism throughout American history in his essay The Paranoid Style in American Politics, published in 1964.

This is a newer book by Hofstadter that includes the history of Gödel's numbering.

The " liberal consensus " school, typified by David Potter, Daniel Boorstin and Richard Hofstadter followed Hartz in emphasizing that political conflicts in American history remained within the tight boundaries of a liberal consensus regarding private property, individual rights, and representative government.

Knopf's personal interest in the fields of history, sociology, and science led to close friendships in the academic community with such noted historians as Richard Hofstadter, Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., and Samuel Eliot Morison.

In 1936, Hofstadter entered the doctoral program in history at Columbia University, where Merle Curti was demonstrating how to synthesize intellectual, social, and political history based upon secondary sources rather than primary-source archival research.

In 1942, Hofstadter earned his doctorate in history and in 1944 published his dissertation Social Darwinism in American Thought, 1860 – 1915, a pithy and commercially successful ( 200, 000 copies ) critique of late nineteenth-century American capitalism and its ruthless " dog-eat-dog " economic competition and Social Darwinian self-justification.

From 1942 to 1946 Hofstadter taught history at the University of Maryland.

Hofstadter disliked the term, but it was widely applied to his rejection of the Beardian idea that there was a fundamental conflict running throughout American history that pitted economic classes against each other.

As a consensus historian, Hofstadter rejected Beard's interpretation of history as a succession of socio-economic group conflicts.

As an historian, Hofstadter ’ s ground-breaking work came in using social psychology concepts to explain political history.

While not publishing his harshest thoughts, Hofstadter said privately that Turner no longer was a useful guide to history, because he was too obsessed with the frontier and his ideas too often had " a pound of false-hood for every few ounces of truth ".

Hofstadter specifically responded to Beard's social-conflict model of U. S. history, which emphasized the struggle among competing economic groups ( primarily farmers, Southern slavers, Northern industrialists, and workers ) and discounted abstract political rhetoric which rarely translated into action.

Hofstadter planned to write a three-volume history of American society, but at his death from leukemia in 1970, he had only completed the first volume, America at 1750: A Social Portrait ( 1971 ).

As a senior professor at a leading graduate university, Hofstadter directed more than one hundred finished doctoral dissertations but gave his graduate students only cursory attention ; that academic latitude enabled them to find their own models of history.

Some adopted New Left perspectives that he rejected, among them were Herbert Gutman, Eric Foner, Lawrence W. Levine, Linda Kerber, and Paula Fass, while others, such as Eric McKitrick and Stanley Elkins, were more conservative than he ; hence, Hofstadter had few disciples and founded no school of history writing.

Hofstadter is College of Arts and Sciences Distinguished Professor of Cognitive Science and Comparative Literature at Indiana University in Bloomington, where he directs the Center for Research on Concepts and Cognition which consists of himself and his graduate students, forming the " Fluid Analogies Research Group " ( FARG ).

Provoked by predictions of a technological singularity ( the hypothetical moment at which artificial intelligence will surpass human intelligence ), Hofstadter has both organized and participated in several public discussions of the topic.

Hofstadter was also an invited panelist at the first Singularity Summit, held at Stanford in May 2006.

A trivial example of the specific form of the Eliza effect, given by Douglas Hofstadter, involves an automated teller machine which displays the words " THANK YOU " at the end of a transaction.

Hofstadter taught at Stanford University from 1950 to 1985.

* Hofstadter, Robert, " Robert Hofstadter's speech at the Nobel Banquet ", The Nobel Foundation, Stockholm, December 10, 1961.

* Flint, Peter B., " Obituary: Dr. Robert Hofstadter Dies at 75 ; Won Nobel Prize in Physics in ' 61 ", The New York Times, November 19, 1990.

* Robert Hofstadter Memorial Lectures, annually presented at the Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Department of Physics and as of March 2011 listed under individual years ' calendars in the Department's official pages at the Stanford University website

Schawlow and Professor Robert Hofstadter at Stanford, who also had an autistic child, teamed up to help each other find solutions to the condition.

Hofstadter, the DeWitt Clinton Professor of American History at Columbia University, became the " iconic historian of postwar liberal consensus ", largely due to his emphasis on ideas and political culture rather than the day-to-day doings of politicians.

" Thus Hofstadter argued, " The application of depth psychology to politics, chancy though it is, has at least made us acutely aware that politics can be a projective arena for feelings and impulses that are only marginally related to the manifest issues.

Hofstadter, influenced by his wife, was a member of the Young Communist League at university, and in April 1938 he joined the Communist Party of the USA ; he quit in 1939.

14, No. 3 ( Sep., 1941 ), pp. 457 – 477 online at JSTOR, reprinted in Hofstadter, Social Darwinism in American Thought, 1860 – 1915 ( 1944 ).