However, because this vulnerability is mutual, it is to the advantage of neither side to destroy the opponent's cities, at least so long as the opponent has nuclear weapons with which to effect reprisal.

However, physicists distinguish between atomic physics — which deals with the atom as a system consisting of a nucleus and electrons — and nuclear physics, which considers atomic nuclei alone.

However, this was the temperature of one particular degree of freedom a quantum property called nuclear spin not the overall average thermodynamic temperature for all possible degrees in freedom.

However, the use of advanced nuclear magnetic resonance methods to directly measure the mobility of water in living cells contradicts this idea, as it suggests that 85 % of cell water acts like that pure water, while the remainder is less mobile and probably bound to macromolecules.

However, he uses his nuclear pulse, knocking her out.

However, ocean dumping of nuclear waste is prohibited by international law.

However, other factors ( such as atomic radius, nuclear charge, number of bonding orbitals, overlap of orbital energies, and crystal form ) are involved as well.

However, the process of binary fission is very much different from the process of mitosis, because of the non-involvement of nuclear dynamics and lack of linear chromosomes.

However in 2009 the North continued its nuclear test program.

However, this process cannot happen to a great extent in a nuclear reactor, as too small a fraction of the fission neutrons produced by any type of fission have enough energy to efficiently fission U-238 ( fission neutrons have a median energy of 2 MeV, but a mode of only 0. 75 MeV, meaning half of them have less than this insufficient energy ).

However, in nuclear reactors, the fission fragment kinetic energy remains as low-temperature heat, which itself causes little or no ionization.

However, the nuclear force acts only over relatively short ranges ( a few nucleon diameters ), since it follows an exponentially decaying Yukawa potential which makes it insignificant at longer distances.

However, nuclear reactors are still capable of causing smaller explosions even after complete shutdown, such as was the case of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.

However, a 1988 article by Brian Martin in Science and Public Policy states that although their paper concluded the effects would be less severe than originally thought, with the authors describing these effects as a " nuclear autumn ", other statements by Thompson and Schneider show that they " resisted the interpretation that this means a rejection of the basic points made about nuclear winter ".

However, U. S. civilian nuclear power is considerably more expensive than wind power.

However, the numerical sign problem makes it difficult to use lattice methods to study QCD at high density and low temperature ( e. g. nuclear matter or the interior of neutron stars ).

However, the nuclear programme came to a halt after Lal Bahadur Shastri became the prime minister after Nehru's death.

However some designs such as the Orion project and some nuclear thermal designs do have a thrust to weight ratio in excess of 1, enabling them to lift off.

However, by that time, nuclear power may have largely replaced fossil fuels as a means of energy production.

However, not all technology has been used for peaceful purposes ; the development of weapons of ever-increasing destructive power has progressed throughout history, from clubs to nuclear weapons.

However, radioactivity of this nuclear isomer has never been observed.

However, the action itself focuses on the residents of Lawrence, Kansas, and Kansas City, Missouri, as well as several family farms situated next to nuclear missile silos.

However, a primary mission of the Soviet Navy's attack submarines was to shadow every CVBG and, on the outbreak of hostilities, sink the carriers.

However, historically or colloquially, submarine can also refer to medium-sized or smaller vessels ( midget submarines, wet subs ), remotely operated vehicles or robots.

" ... However, good public relations overcame bad design: Nordenfeldt always demonstrated his boats before a stellar crowd of crowned heads, and Nordenfeldt's submarines were regarded as the world standard.

However, submarines are never completely de-magnetised.

However, they were interested in finding out what happened to their missing submarines and ultimately concluded that Argo was their best chance to do so.

However, despite the experiences of the First World War, no attention was paid to the problem of attacking submarines from the air as part of trade protection measures.

However, the longwave signal of Radio 4 is capable of penetrating to surface depths where submarines can rise, although it does not have the range required to be heard at this depth far from the UK's coastal waters.

However, the presence of German submarines made the trips too risky and the group switched to homing pigeons.

However, it was realised that the advent of submarines armed with torpedoes and mines hidden in open sea meant that any operations involving stationing capital ships near enemy ports would place them at great risk of surprise attack and loss.

However, the danger to Goodenough's ships was not over, since the British submarines were still unaware the additional ships were present.

However, it was clear from the outset that such a missile would be unable to neutralize the Soviet ballistic missile submarines on patrol.

However, the mine barrier had proven to be insufficient to completely stop Soviet submarines activities.

However, on submarines, where the deck department may only have a few junior sailors, the first lieutenant may be a senior enlisted member, such as a first-class petty officer or chief petty officer.

However, it does seem that further submarines were sent in mid-1937, but details of the operation are not known ; six are believed to have been involved.

However, with the opening shots of the Iraq War in March, 2003, the term " wolfpack " was brought back into use to describe the fleet of American and British nuclear submarines which operated together in the Red Sea, firing Tomahawk missiles at Iraqi targets.

However many of them are gradually being replaced by semi submarines.

However, in 1914, at the start of the First World War, the Russian government turned the islands into a submarine base for the use of British and Russian submarines during the war.

However, Bucher was a conventional submariner not trained in nuclear power, and his career options became limited when the submarine force became increasingly populated by nuclear-powered submarines and nuclear-trained submarine officers effectively hand-picked by Admiral Hyman G. Rickover in the 1960s.

However, when Indian Navy launched Operation Talwar, Pakistan Navy responded by deploying the submarines and destroyers combatant ships to keep Indian Navy from Ports of Karachi and Baluchistan.

However, these radar-equipped submarines were in some instances sunk due to the ability of U. S. radar receivers to detect their tell-tale scanning emissions.

However, the low " indiscretion rate " of modern submarines means that optical detection is now less successful.

However, it may still have confounded enemy submarines.

However, Air Independent Propulsion is a term normally used in the context of improving the performance of conventionally propelled submarines.

However, the aliens turn their energy beams on the shuttle and submarines, destroying them instantly.