Named IBM 4680 OS, IBM originally chose DR Concurrent DOS 286 as the basis of their IBM 4680 computer for IBM Plant System products and Point-of-Sale terminals in 1986.

IBM therefore chose to rely on that processor for a couple of more years.

Although IBM famously chose to exclude virtual memory from the S / 370 announcement, that decision was being reconsidered during the completion of the 145 engineering, due partly to virtual memory experience at CSC and elsewhere.

While the RS-232 standard originally specified a 25-pin D-type connector, many designers of personal computers chose to implement only a subset of the full standard: they traded off compatibility with the standard against the use of less costly and more compact connectors ( in particular the DE-9 version used by the original IBM PC-AT ).

Firstly, IBM chose to stick to the hierarchical model with semi-network extensions in their established products such as IMS and DL / I.

After the dot-com crash, its revenues declined to $ 650M, but it was dominant, profitable, and cash-rich (~$ 600M ) when its founders chose to sell the company to IBM for $ 2. 1B.

Rockwell chose not to pursue IMS as a marketable product but IBM, which had served as a support contractor during development, subsequently took over the product and was successful in further developing it for market.

IBM, the third member of the AIM alliance, did design the chip together with Motorola in its Somerset design center, but chose not to manufacture it, because it did not see the need back then for the Vector Processing Unit.

Although the design of the original Courier typeface was commissioned by IBM, the company deliberately chose not to secure legal exclusivity to the typeface and it soon became a standard font used throughout the typewriter industry.

Since IBM deliberately chose not to seek any copyright, trademark, or design patent protection, the Courier typeface cannot now be trademarked or copyrighted and is completely royalty free.

IBM chose to design custom hybrid circuits using discrete, flip chip-mounted, glass-encapsulated transistors and diodes, with silk screened resistors on a ceramic substrate.

* Why someone chose a QX-10 over an IBM PC

IBM chose to support two forms of addressing to minimize the pain: if the most significant bit ( bit 0 ) of a 32-bit address was on, the next 31 bits were interpreted as the virtual address.

These included updates to EtherTalk and TokenTalk, AppleTalk software and LocalTalk hardware for the IBM PC, EtherTalk for Apple's A / UX operating system allowing it to use LaserPrinters and other network resources, and the Mac X. 25 and MacX products.

Other vendors, e. g., IBM, use the WCS to run microcode for emulator features and hardware diagnostics.

At MIT, Olsen and Anderson noticed something odd: students would line up for hours to get a turn to use the stripped-down TX-0, while largely ignoring a faster IBM machine that was also available.

All IBM mainframe and midrange peripherals and operating systems use EBCDIC as their inherent encoding,

However, in an effort to reassert its dominant role, IBM patented the bus, and placed stringent licensing and royalty policies on its use.

Originally developed by IBM at their campus in south San Jose, California in the 1950s for scientific and engineering applications, Fortran came to dominate this area of programming early on and has been in continual use for over half a century in computationally intensive areas such as numerical weather prediction, finite element analysis, computational fluid dynamics, computational physics and computational chemistry.

The mass-produced vacuum tube-based IBM 704 followed in 1954 ; it introduced the use of a biased exponent.

" Brooks responded " The most important single decision I ever made was to change the IBM 360 series from a 6-bit byte to an 8-bit byte, thereby enabling the use of lowercase letters.

Version 2. 0 could also run DOS and Windows 3. 0 programs, since IBM had retained the right to use the DOS and Windows code as a result of the breakup.

Hard disk drives were introduced in 1956 as data storage for an IBM real-time transaction processing computer and were developed for use with general purpose mainframe and minicomputers.

Donald Knuth notes that Hans Peter Luhn of IBM appears to have been the first to use the concept, in a memo dated January 1953, and that Robert Morris used the term in a survey paper in CACM which elevated the term from technical jargon to formal terminology.

) The earliest use of the phrase seems to have been in an IBM advertising supplement to the New York Times published on April 30, 1961 and by Frank Fremont-Smith, Director of the American Institute of Biological Sciences Interdisciplinary Conference Program, in an April 1961 article in the AIBS Bulletin ( p.

IBM had two model categories: one ( 701, 704, 709, 7090, 7040 ) for engineering and scientific use, and one ( 702, 705, 7080, 7070, 7010 ) for commercial or data processing use.

The primary operating systems in use on current IBM mainframes include z / OS ( which followed MVS and OS / 390 ), z / VM ( previously VM / CMS ), z / VSE ( which is in the DOS / 360 lineage ), z / TPF ( a successor of Airlines Control Program ), and Linux on System z such as SUSE Linux Enterprise Server and others.

For general desktop computer use it has been supplanted by later buses such as IBM Micro Channel, VESA Local Bus, Peripheral Component Interconnect and other successors.

The Intel 8088, released in 1979, was a slightly modified chip with an external 8-bit data bus ( allowing the use of cheaper and fewer supporting logic chips ), and is notable as the processor used in the original IBM PC.

The original IBM PC was the most influential microcomputer to use the 8088.

Some of IBM's engineers and other employees wanted to use the IBM 801 processor, some would prefer the new Motorola 68000, while others argued for a small and simple microprocessor, such as the MOS Technology 6502 or Zilog Z80, which had been used in earlier personal computers.

The first personal computer to make use of the 80386 was designed and manufactured by Compaq and marked the first time a fundamental component in the IBM PC compatible de facto-standard was updated by a company other than IBM.

IBM was offered use of the 80386, but had manufacturing rights for the earlier 80286.

Although this vaccine is likely not safe for human use, it still shows that attacking Aβ has efficacy in mice against IBM.

MIME's use, however, has grown beyond describing the content of email to describe content type in general, including for the web ( see Internet media type ) and as a storage for rich content in some commercial products ( e. g., IBM Lotus Domino and IBM Lotus Quickr ).

TWA canceled the project in 1970, acquiring one IBM System / 360 Model 75, two IBM System / 360 model 65s, and IBM's PARS software for its reservations system.

2001 – Quest entered the Microsoft management market by acquiring Fastlane Technologies, and broadened its database offerings beyond Oracle with a new product for the IBM DB2 database.

Robert Stephenson, who headed the server group at IBM, saw acquiring Sequent as the best route to make IBM competitive in the market for large Unix servers where Sun was gobbling up market share.

* Poughkeepsie-New Yorker article about the acquiring of Rudco by IBM

As of 22 January 2008, the corporation is fully operated by SAP ; this is seen as part of a growing consolidation trend in the business software industry, with Oracle acquiring Hyperion in 2007 and IBM acquiring Cognos in 2008.

After joining IBM Research in 1972, he built on the work of IBM's Rolf Landauer to show that general-purpose computation can be performed by a logically and thermodynamically reversible apparatus ; and in 1982 he proposed a re-interpretation of Maxwell's demon, attributing its inability to break the second law to the thermodynamic cost of destroying, rather than acquiring, information.