* Chirp Spread Spectrum, a modulation concept, part of the standard IEEE 802. 15. 4aCSS

Ethernet was commercially introduced in 1980 and standardized in 1985 as IEEE 802. 3.

In February 1980, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE ) started project 802 to standardize local area networks ( LAN ).

Ingrid Fromm, Siemens ' representative to IEEE 802, quickly achieved broader support for Ethernet beyond IEEE by the establishment of a competing Task Group " Local Networks " within the European standards body ECMA TC24.

As early as March 1982 ECMA TC24 with its corporate members reached agreement on a standard for CSMA / CD based on the IEEE 802 draft.

Because the DIX proposal was most technically complete and because of the speedy action taken by ECMA which decisively contributed to the conciliation of opinions within IEEE, the IEEE 802. 3 CSMA / CD standard was approved in December 1982.

IEEE published the 802. 3 standard as a draft in 1983 and as a standard in 1985.

Approval of Ethernet on the international level was achieved by a similar, cross-partisan action with Fromm as liaison officer working to integrate International Electrotechnical Commission, TC83 and International Organization for Standardization ( ISO ) TC97SC6, and the ISO / IEEE 802 / 3 standard was approved in 1984.

As with other IEEE 802 LANs, each Ethernet station is given a 48-bit MAC address.

Networking advances IEEE 802. 1aq ( SPB ) include the use of the link-state routing protocol IS-IS to allow larger networks with shortest path routes between devices.

* IEEE 802. 3 Ethernet working group

* IEEE 802. 3-2008 standard

IEEE 802. 15 is a working group of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE ) IEEE 802 standards committee which specifies Wireless Personal Area Network ( WPAN ) standards.

The IEEE 802. 15. 2-2003 standard was published in 2003 and task group two went into " hibernation ".

IEEE 802. 15. 3-2003 is a MAC and PHY standard for high-rate ( 11 to 55 Mbit / s ) WPANs.

IEEE 802. 15. 3a was an attempt to provide a higher speed UWB PHY enhancement amendment to IEEE 802. 15. 3 for applications which involve imaging and multimedia.

Assume that all floating point operations use the standard IEEE 754 double-precision arithmetic.

The computer was designated an IEEE Milestone in 1990.

According to Steven J. Brams and Peter C. Fishburn, the IEEE board in 2002 rescinded its decision to use approval voting.

IEEE Executive Director Daniel J. Senese stated that approval voting was abandoned because " few of our members were using it and it was felt that it was no longer needed.

ACM and the IEEE Computer Society are the primary US umbrella organizations for academic and scholarly interests in computing.

Unlike the IEEE, however, the ACM is solely dedicated to computing.

ACM's primary historical competitor has been the IEEE Computer Society, which is the largest subgroup of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

The IEEE focuses more on hardware and standardization issues than theoretical computer science, but there is considerable overlap with ACM's agenda.

Some of the major awards in Computer science are given jointly by ACM and the IEEE – CS.

The unit symbol for the byte is specified in IEC80000-13, IEEE 1541 and the Metric Interchange Format as the upper-case character B.

IEEE 1541 specifies the lower case character b as the symbol for bit ; however, the IEC 60027 and Metric-Interchange-Format specify bit ( e. g., Mbit for megabit ) for the symbol, a sufficient disambiguation from byte.

He is a Fellow of the ACM ( 1994 ) and an IEEE Fellow.

Details of the photodiodes were also published in the February 14, 2008 issue of the journal Electronics Letters and the November 2007 issue of the journal IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

* Martin, Ian L. ( 2012 ) " Too far ahead of its time: Barclays, Burroughs and real-time banking ", IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 34 ( 2 ), pp. 5-19.

In the April – June, 2008, issue of IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, computer scientists describe a potential new way to combat internet worms.

Thirty years later, on March 6, 2009, Philips received an IEEE Milestone award with the following citation: " On 8 March 1979, N. V. Philips ' Gloeilampenfabrieken demonstrated for the international press a Compact Disc Audio Player.

However, many common modern bus systems can be used for both ; SATA and the associated eSATA are one example of a system that would formerly be described as internal, while in certain automotive applications use the primarily external IEEE 1394 in a fashion more similar to a system bus.

IEEE 1101. 10 covers the additional mechanical and EMI features required for VITA 1. 1-1997 ( R2002 ) which is the VME64 Extensions standard as well as PICMG 2. 0 ( R3. 0 ) which is the CompactPCI specification.

IEEE 802. 11 is a set of standards for implementing wireless local area network ( WLAN ) computer communication in the 2. 4, 3. 6 and 5 GHz frequency bands.

The Subnetwork Access Protocol ( SNAP ) allows EtherType values to be used to specify the protocol being transported atop IEEE 802. 2, and also allows vendors to define their own protocol value spaces.

IEEE 802. 2 provides two connectionless and one connection-oriented operational modes:

The Subnetwork Access Protocol ( SNAP ) can be used with IEEE 802. 2 ; it allows EtherType values to be used with all IEEE 802 protocols, as well as supporting private protocol ID spaces.

Most IEEE 802 protocols, as well as FDDI, always use 802. 2.

IEEE 802. 3 is an exception ; Ethernet originally used Ethernet II framing, with a 2-octet type field containing an EtherType value, and no 802. 2 header, but the original IEEE 802. 3 specification used a framing wherein the 2-octet field following the 6-octet destination and source MAC addresses contained a frame length, with an 802. 2 LLC header following the length field.

There exists an Internet standard, RFC 1042, for encapsulating IP version 4 traffic in IEEE 802. 2 frames with LLC / SNAP headers.

IP traffic can not be encapsulated in IEEE 802. 2 LLC frames without SNAP because, although there is an LLC protocol type for IP, there is no LLC protocol type for ARP.

IP Version 6 can also be transmitted over Ethernet using IEEE 802. 2 with LLC / SNAP, but, again, that's almost never used ( although LLC / SNAP encapsulation of IPv6 is used on IEEE 802 networks ).

IEEE 802. 2 was conceptually derived from HDLC, and has the same three types of PDUs:

* IEEE 802. 2 online

es: IEEE 802. 2

it: IEEE 802. 2

ja: IEEE 802. 2

pt: IEEE 802. 2

KornShell complies with POSIX. 2, Shell and Utilities, Command Interpreter ( IEEE Std 1003. 2-1992.