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Ibn Battuta returned to Cairo and took a second side trip, this time to Mamluk-controlled Damascus.
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Ibn and Battuta
The Muslim traveller Ibn Battuta, who visited Constantinople towards the end of 1332, mentions in his memoirs having met Andronikos III.
* 1304 – Ibn Battuta, Arabian explorer ( d. c. 1368 )
Muslim traveller Ibn Battuta left vivid descriptions of the empire.
(, ), or simply Ibn Battuta (), also known as Shams ad-Din ( February 25, 1304 – 1368 or 1369 ), was a Berber Muslim Moroccan explorer, known for his extensive travels, accounts of which were published in the Rihla ( lit.
Ibn Battuta is considered one of the greatest travellers of all time.
Ibn Battuta was born into a Berber family of Islamic legal scholars in Tangier, Morocco, on 25 February 1304, during the reign of the Marinid dynasty.
In June 1325, at the age of twenty-one, Ibn Battuta set off from his hometown on a hajj, or pilgrimage, to Mecca, a journey that would take sixteen months.
For safety, Ibn Battuta usually joined a caravan to reduce the risk of an attack by wandering Arab Bedouin.
In the early spring of 1326, after a journey of over, Ibn Battuta arrived at the port of Alexandria, then part of the Bahri Mamluk empire.
Of the three usual routes to Mecca, Ibn Battuta chose the least-travelled, which involved a journey up the Nile valley, then east to the Red Sea port of Aydhab, Upon approaching the town however, a local rebellion forced him to turn back.
Rather than return home, Ibn Battuta instead decided to continue on, choosing as his next destination the Ilkhanate, a Mongol Khanate, to the northeast.
An interactive display about Ibn Battuta in Ibn Battuta Mall in Dubai, United Arab Emirates
On 17 November 1326, following a month spent in Mecca, Ibn Battuta joined a large caravan of pilgrims returning to Iraq across the Arabian Peninsula.
Then, instead of continuing on to Baghdad with the caravan, Ibn Battuta started a six-month detour that took him into Persia.
Ibn Battuta joined the royal caravan for a while, then turned north on the Silk Road to Tabriz, the first major city in the region to open its gates to the Mongols and by then an important trading centre as most of its nearby rivals had been razed by the Mongol invaders.
Ibn Battuta left again for Baghdad, probably in July, but first took an excursion northwards along the river Tigris, visiting Mosul, Cizre and Mardin, in modern day Iraq and Turkey.
Ibn Battuta remained in Mecca for some time ( the Rihla suggests about three years, from September 1327 until autumn 1330 ).
Ibn Battuta also mentions visiting Sana ' a, but whether he actually did so is doubtful.
From Aden, Ibn Battuta embarked on a ship heading for Zeila on the coast of Somalia.
Ibn Battuta described it as " an exceedingly large city " with many rich merchants, noted for its high quality fabric that was exported to other countries including Egypt.
After a journey along the coast, Ibn Battuta next arrived in the island town of Kilwa in present day Tanzania, which had become an important transit centre of the gold trade.
Ibn and returned
When the latter was surrounded by Umayyad troops, he sued for help to Ibn Hafsun, but the latter was defeated by the besiegers and returned to Bobastro.
After a month in the city, Ibn Battuta returned to Astrakhan, then arrived in the capital city Sarai al-Jadid and reported his travelling account to Sultan Mohammad Uzbek.
Once more Ibn Battuta returned to Tangier, but only stayed for a short while.
In the year 595 AH Ibn ‘ Arabī returned to the Iberian Peninsula for the last time and it seems he had two intentions: to introduce al-Habashī to his friends and masters and to depart finally from the land of his birth.
After Ḥajj Ibn ‘ Arabī left Mecca, travelling north towards the Roman lands, probably Konya or Malatya and in the year 610 / 611 he returned to Aleppo.
Later Ibn ‘ Arabī returned to Malatya and according to Stephen Hartenstein he met Bahā ’ uddīn Walad, father of the famous Persian Poet Jallaluddin Rumi, the famous Persian poet of that time.
In 1904, the young Ibn Saud, the future founder of Saudi Arabia, returned from exile with a small force and retook Riyadh.
The rebel Umayyad officer Ibn Marwan returned to Mérida and also rebelled against the emir who, unable to quench the revolt, allowed him to found a free city ( Badajoz, in what is now the Spanish region of Extremadura ) in 875.
Ibn Khallikan was removed from this position in 1271, returned to Egypt and taught there until being reinstated as judge in Damascus in the year 1278.
In the mean time Ibn Habib's following increased ; and when Berab returned, he found his plan to be hopeless.
Ibn Batuta went to Calicut and then returned to Honavar where he found the chief preparing an expedition against the island of Sindabur or Chitakul ( present day Sadashivgad ) near Karwar.
( In a bizarre and chilling footnote in the aftermath, it is said that Ibn Tumart returned to the battlefield at night with some of his followers, and ordered them to bury themselves in the field with a small straw to breathe by.
In 1904 the young Ibn Saud, the founder of Saudi Arabia, returned from exile with a small force and retook Riyadh.
Shaykh Umar Ibn al-Farid stayed in Mecca for fifteen years, but eventually returned to Cairo because he heard the same greengrocer calling him back to attend his funeral.
Ibn and Cairo
He was especially impressed with the elegant simplicity of the Mosque of Ibn Tulun in Cairo.
Ibn Jubayr a famous traveler from Al-Andalus is known to have met Saladin in Cairo after the abdication of the Fatimid s.
* Arab Muslim mathematician and astronomer, Ibn Yunus, publishes his astronomical treatise Al-Zij al-Hakimi al-Kabir in Cairo.
In Cairo Rūḥ al-Quds and Kitāb Ayyām al-Sha ’ n were read again before Ibn ‘ Arabī, with the reader this time being a young man named Ismā ’ il ibn Sawdakīn al-Nūrī ( Yūsuf 309 ).
From August 1320 to February 1321 Ibn Taymiyyah was imprisoned on orders from Cairo in the citadel of Damascus for supporting a doctrine that would curtail the ease with which a Muslim man could divorce his wife.
In 1306 Ibn Taymiyyah was imprisoned in the citadel of Cairo for eighteen months on the charge of anthropomorphism.
Other major mosques built in the Abbasid Dynasty include the Mosque of Ibn Tulun in Cairo, Abu Dalaf in Iraq, the great mosque in Tunis.
This made Cairo, in the words of Ibn Khaldun, " the center of the universe and the garden of the world ", with majestic domes, courtyards, and soaring minarets spread across the city.
Of great impact were also the works by al-Maridini of Baghdad and Cairo, and Ibn al-Wafid ( 1008 – 1074 ), both of which were printed in Latin more than fifty times, appearing as De Medicinis universalibus et particularibus by ` Mesue ' the younger, and the Medicamentis simplicibus by ` Abenguefit '.
Abd el-Krim ( 1882-3, Ajdir – February 6, 1963, Cairo ) ( full name: Muhammad Ibn ' Abd al-Karim al-Khattabi,, Berber name: Muḥend n Ɛabd Krim Lxeṭṭabi or Moulay Muḥend ) was a Moroccan political and military leader.
The use of wheat to produce pasta was described as early as the 10th century by Ibn Wahshīya of Cairo.
Az-Zafir's relatives called upon a supporter, Ibn Ruzzik, who chased Abbas out of Cairo, and Usama followed him.
Ibn Ruzzik tried to persuade him to come back, as the rest of his family was still in Cairo, but Usama was able to bring them to Damascus, through crusader territory, in 1156.
Ibn Attash, suitably impressed with the young seventeen year old Hassan, made him Deputy Missionary and advised him to go to Cairo to further his studies.
Early in the life of Ibn Yunus, the Fatimid dynasty came to power and the new city of Cairo was founded.
Thus Spoke Ibn al -‘ Arabī ( Hākadhā Takallama Ibn al -‘ Arabī ) The Egyptian National Organization for Books, Cairo 2002.
• Created the soundtracks of the work " Resalet Al Teyr " taken from Ibn Sina and al-Ghazali and presented on the stage of hangars for Arts in Cairo, directed by MohammedQasim in 2000.
* Ibn Aybak Al-Dwedar, Kinz al-Dorar wa Jamia al-Ghorar, Hans Robert Roemer, Cairo
Ibn al-Salus was arrested in Alexandria and was sent to Cairo where he was mistreated and at last beaten to death.
Ibn Battuta was a famous traveler and arrived in Cairo while al-Malik al-Nasir was the Sultan.
* Ibn Iyas, Badai Alzuhur Fi Wakayi Alduhur, Almisriya Lilkitab, Cairo 2007
Additionally, the mosque of Ibn Tulun in Cairo, Egypt was based on the Samarra mosque in many regards.
photo of qiblah of imam Ma ' ad al-Mustansir Billah | Mustansir in Mosque of Ibn Tulun | Fatemid masjid of Cairo showing Shahada | Kalema-tut-shahadat ' la-ilaha -'
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