If ultra-pure products are the goal, then further chemical separation must be applied.

If a chemical reaction is driven by an external applied voltage, as in electrolysis, or if a voltage is created by a chemical reaction as in a battery, it is an electrochemical reaction.

If the ions have high enough energy, they can knock atoms out of the material to be etched without a chemical reaction.

If a bull moose is castrated, either by accidental or chemical means, he will quickly shed his current set of antlers and then immediately begin to grow a new set of misshapen and deformed antlers that he will wear the rest of his life without ever shedding again.

If one also tapers dosage gradually, the result is that for weeks a depressed patient will have to bear the depression without chemical help during the drug-free interval.

If organic or inorganic contaminations are present on the wafer surface, they are usually removed by wet chemical treatment, e. g. the RCA clean procedure based on solutions containing hydrogen peroxide.

If found, these features can be compared with known features in the spectrum of various chemical compounds found in experiments where that compound is located on earth.

If the star temperature has been determined by a majority of absorption lines, unusual absences or strengths of lines for a certain element may indicate an unusual chemical composition of the photosphere.

Humphry Davy, an English chemist was among the first to expound on the chemical basis of soil fertility and wrote in 1813: “ If land be unproductive, and a system of ameliorating it is to be attempted, the sure method of obtaining the object is to determine the cause of the sterility, which must necessarily depend upon some defect in the constitution of the soil, which may be easily discovered by chemical analysis .” His ideas were not immediately accepted.

If the system is at equilibrium, then the chemical potential of the component i must be the same in the liquid solution and in the vapor above it.

# If chemical reactions increase the partial pressure of a gas, or lower its vapour pressure

If the cells are irritated either by mechanical, chemical or light stress, they discharge, propelling the cell in a zig-zag course away from the disturbance.

If UV / Vis spectrophotometry is used in quantitative chemical analysis then the results are additionally affected by uncertainty sources arising from the nature of the compounds and / or solutions that are measured.

If a candidate receives less than a two-thirds majority, the cardinals send up black smoke — created by burning the ballots along with wet straw and chemical additives — it means that no successful election has yet occurred.

If a chemical synthesis starts from basic laboratory compounds and yields something new, it is a purely synthetic process.

If the patient is stable, adenosine may be administered first, as the medicine performs a sort of " chemical cardioversion " and may stabilize the heart and let it resume normal function on its own without using electricity.

If the process uses chemical energy, such as from adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ), it is termed primary active transport.

If breakdown occurs in the passive film due to chemical or mechanical factors, the resulting major modes of corrosion may include pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking.

If the chemical potential is the same in the two regions, the species will occasionally move back and forth between the two regions, but on average there is just as much movement in one direction as the other, and there is zero net migration ( this is called " diffusive equilibrium ").

If the chemical potentials of the two regions are different, more molecules will move to the lower chemical potential than the other direction.

If there is no coefficient before a chemical formula, the coefficient 1 is understood.

If we cannot stop warfare in our own economic system, how can we expect to abolish it internationally??

If your house is to have a forced warm air system, cooling can be a part of it.

If you plan to add cooling later to your heating system, there are things to watch for.

If the problems of combining cooling with your heating are knotty, it may be cheaper to plan on a completely separate cooling system.

If you use one of the new year-round cooling system fluids such as `` Dowguard '' be sure to check it.

If Af is the change per unit volume in Gibbs function caused by the shear field at constant P and T, and **yr is the density of the fluid, then the total potential energy of the system above the reference height is Af.

If tyrosine and a system generating hydrogen peroxide are added to a cell-free homogenate of the thyroid, large quantities of free mono-iodotyrosine can be formed ( Alexander, 1959 ).

If the house is not wired adequately for electricity or if plumbing or a central heating system must be installed, check into the cost of making these improvements.

If laborers are merely commodities competing against each other in a market place like so many bags of wheat and corn ( unsupported, by the way, by any agricultural subsidy ), then they may be pardoned for reacting with complete antagonism to a system that imposes such status upon them.

If the demands of these two sovereigns upon his duty of allegiance come into conflict, those of the United States have the paramount authority in American law ; likewise, those of the foreign land have paramount authority in their legal system.

If we use a cylindrical coordinate system with basis vectors, then the gradient of and the divergence of are given by

If under the existing system he could not assemble forces quickly enough to intercept mobile Viking raiders, the obvious answer was to have a standing field force.

If administrative appeal is available, no appeal to the judicial system may be made.

If the system be entirely behind the aperture stop, then this is itself the entrance pupil ( front stop ); if entirely in front, it is the exit pupil ( back stop ).

If the object point be infinitely distant, all rays received by the first member of the system are parallel, and their intersections, after traversing the system, vary according to their perpendicular height of incidence, i. e. their distance from the axis.

If a system consists of several particles, the total angular momentum about a point can be obtained by adding ( or integrating ) all the angular momenta of the constituent particles.

If not, the system may either be rejected or accepted on conditions previously agreed between the sponsor and the manufacturer.

If the pressure in a system remains constant ( isobaric ), a vapor at saturation temperature will begin to condense into its liquid phase as thermal energy ( heat ) is removed.

If a newer system is attempting to achieve integration with an older system which has known flaws ( or " bugs "), then the new system may be referred to as " bugwards-compatible ".

If a system is composed of two subsystems described in V and W respectively, then the Hilbert space of the entire system is the tensor product of the two spaces.

" That rich island ," he wrote on 1 December 1881, " the key to the Gulf of Mexico, is, though in the hands of Spain, a part of the American commercial system … If ever ceasing to be Spanish, Cuba must necessarily become American and not fall under any other European domination.