If ultra-pure products are the goal, then further chemical separation must be applied.

If a chemical reaction is driven by an external applied voltage, as in electrolysis, or if a voltage is created by a chemical reaction as in a battery, it is an electrochemical reaction.

If the ions have high enough energy, they can knock atoms out of the material to be etched without a chemical reaction.

If a bull moose is castrated, either by accidental or chemical means, he will quickly shed his current set of antlers and then immediately begin to grow a new set of misshapen and deformed antlers that he will wear the rest of his life without ever shedding again.

If one also tapers dosage gradually, the result is that for weeks a depressed patient will have to bear the depression without chemical help during the drug-free interval.

If organic or inorganic contaminations are present on the wafer surface, they are usually removed by wet chemical treatment, e. g. the RCA clean procedure based on solutions containing hydrogen peroxide.

If found, these features can be compared with known features in the spectrum of various chemical compounds found in experiments where that compound is located on earth.

If the star temperature has been determined by a majority of absorption lines, unusual absences or strengths of lines for a certain element may indicate an unusual chemical composition of the photosphere.

: If a chemical system at equilibrium experiences a change in concentration, temperature, volume, or partial pressure, then the equilibrium shifts to counteract the imposed change and a new equilibrium is established.

Humphry Davy, an English chemist was among the first to expound on the chemical basis of soil fertility and wrote in 1813: “ If land be unproductive, and a system of ameliorating it is to be attempted, the sure method of obtaining the object is to determine the cause of the sterility, which must necessarily depend upon some defect in the constitution of the soil, which may be easily discovered by chemical analysis .” His ideas were not immediately accepted.

If the system is at equilibrium, then the chemical potential of the component i must be the same in the liquid solution and in the vapor above it.

# If chemical reactions increase the partial pressure of a gas, or lower its vapour pressure

If the cells are irritated either by mechanical, chemical or light stress, they discharge, propelling the cell in a zig-zag course away from the disturbance.

If UV / Vis spectrophotometry is used in quantitative chemical analysis then the results are additionally affected by uncertainty sources arising from the nature of the compounds and / or solutions that are measured.

If a candidate receives less than a two-thirds majority, the cardinals send up black smoke — created by burning the ballots along with wet straw and chemical additives — it means that no successful election has yet occurred.

If a chemical synthesis starts from basic laboratory compounds and yields something new, it is a purely synthetic process.

If the patient is stable, adenosine may be administered first, as the medicine performs a sort of " chemical cardioversion " and may stabilize the heart and let it resume normal function on its own without using electricity.

If the process uses chemical energy, such as from adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ), it is termed primary active transport.

If breakdown occurs in the passive film due to chemical or mechanical factors, the resulting major modes of corrosion may include pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking.

If the chemical potentials of the two regions are different, more molecules will move to the lower chemical potential than the other direction.

If there is no coefficient before a chemical formula, the coefficient 1 is understood.

If it comes down too hard on the potential dangers of fallout, it will box the President on resuming atmospheric tests.

If Af is the change per unit volume in Gibbs function caused by the shear field at constant P and T, and **yr is the density of the fluid, then the total potential energy of the system above the reference height is Af.

If such is the case, the particles within a distance of about Af of the Earth will have, relative to the Earth, a kinetic energy less than their potential energy and they will be captured into orbits about the Earth.

If this precaution was not taken, the potential customers would be at the mercy of " 2 sets of carob seeds ".

If there is a change in the potential energy of a system ; for example μ < sub > 1 </ sub >> μ < sub > 2 </ sub > ( μ is Chemical potential ) an energy flow will occur from S < sub > 1 </ sub > to S < sub > 2 </ sub >, because nature always prefers low energy and maximum entropy.

To avoid debates about the possibility of in-vitro fertilization, artificial insemination, or cloning, the original Darwin Awards book applied the following " deserted island " test to potential winners: If the person were unable to reproduce when stranded on a deserted island with a fertile member of the opposite sex, he or she would be considered sterile.

If the second electrode is also at standard conditions, then the measured cell potential is called the standard electrode potential for the electrode.

If the electrode has a positive potential with respect to the SHE, then that means it is a strongly reducing electrode which forces the SHE to be the anode ( an example is Cu in aqueous CuSO < sub > 4 </ sub > with a standard electrode potential of 0. 337 V ).

If the current is driven in the opposite direction by imposing an external potential, then work is done on the cell to drive electrolysis.

If the observer is at a lower gravitational potential than the source, a gravitational blueshift can be observed instead.

If drain-to-source voltage is increased, this creates a significant asymmetrical change in the shape of the channel due to a gradient of voltage potential from source to drain.

If we live on a brane ( as hypothesized by some theorists ) this " leakage " of gravitons from the brane into higher-dimensional space could explain why gravitation is such a weak force, and gravitons from other branes adjacent to our own could provide a potential explanation for dark matter.

If the political situation stabilizes, high crime levels wane, and new investment increases, tourism could take its place next to export-oriented manufacturing ( the assembly sector ) as a potential source of foreign exchange.

If a philosophy of Becoming is not possible without change, then ( the potential of ) what is to become must already exist in the present object.

If, however ,... potential suicide murderers ... will refrain from killing out of fear that their mothers will become homeless, it would be immoral to leave the Palestinian mothers untouched in their homes while Israeli children die on their school buses.

If the voltage changes by a large enough amount, an all-or-none electrochemical pulse called an action potential is generated, which travels rapidly along the cell's axon, and activates synaptic connections with other cells when it arrives.

If the net excitation received by a neuron over a short period of time is large enough, the neuron generates a brief pulse called an action potential, which originates at the soma and propagates rapidly along the axon, activating synapses onto other neurons as it goes.

If the change in electrical potential is large enough, it evokes an action potential, which is transmitted along the axon of the receptor cell, into the spinal cord.

If the top has mass and its center of mass is at a distance from the pivot point, its gravitational potential is

If the work done moving along a path which starts and ends in the same location is zero, then the force is said to be conservative and it is possible to define a numerical value of potential associated with every point in space.

If the potential is redefined at A to be and the potential at B to be, where is a constant ( i. e. can be any number, positive or negative, but it must be the same at A as it is at B ) then the work done going from A to B is