If ultra-pure products are the goal, then further chemical separation must be applied.

If a chemical reaction is driven by an external applied voltage, as in electrolysis, or if a voltage is created by a chemical reaction as in a battery, it is an electrochemical reaction.

If the ions have high enough energy, they can knock atoms out of the material to be etched without a chemical reaction.

If a bull moose is castrated, either by accidental or chemical means, he will quickly shed his current set of antlers and then immediately begin to grow a new set of misshapen and deformed antlers that he will wear the rest of his life without ever shedding again.

If one also tapers dosage gradually, the result is that for weeks a depressed patient will have to bear the depression without chemical help during the drug-free interval.

If organic or inorganic contaminations are present on the wafer surface, they are usually removed by wet chemical treatment, e. g. the RCA clean procedure based on solutions containing hydrogen peroxide.

If found, these features can be compared with known features in the spectrum of various chemical compounds found in experiments where that compound is located on earth.

If the star temperature has been determined by a majority of absorption lines, unusual absences or strengths of lines for a certain element may indicate an unusual chemical composition of the photosphere.

: If a chemical system at equilibrium experiences a change in concentration, temperature, volume, or partial pressure, then the equilibrium shifts to counteract the imposed change and a new equilibrium is established.

Humphry Davy, an English chemist was among the first to expound on the chemical basis of soil fertility and wrote in 1813: “ If land be unproductive, and a system of ameliorating it is to be attempted, the sure method of obtaining the object is to determine the cause of the sterility, which must necessarily depend upon some defect in the constitution of the soil, which may be easily discovered by chemical analysis .” His ideas were not immediately accepted.

If the system is at equilibrium, then the chemical potential of the component i must be the same in the liquid solution and in the vapor above it.

# If chemical reactions increase the partial pressure of a gas, or lower its vapour pressure

If the cells are irritated either by mechanical, chemical or light stress, they discharge, propelling the cell in a zig-zag course away from the disturbance.

If UV / Vis spectrophotometry is used in quantitative chemical analysis then the results are additionally affected by uncertainty sources arising from the nature of the compounds and / or solutions that are measured.

If a candidate receives less than a two-thirds majority, the cardinals send up black smoke — created by burning the ballots along with wet straw and chemical additives — it means that no successful election has yet occurred.

If a chemical synthesis starts from basic laboratory compounds and yields something new, it is a purely synthetic process.

If the patient is stable, adenosine may be administered first, as the medicine performs a sort of " chemical cardioversion " and may stabilize the heart and let it resume normal function on its own without using electricity.

If the process uses chemical energy, such as from adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ), it is termed primary active transport.

If breakdown occurs in the passive film due to chemical or mechanical factors, the resulting major modes of corrosion may include pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking.

If the chemical potential is the same in the two regions, the species will occasionally move back and forth between the two regions, but on average there is just as much movement in one direction as the other, and there is zero net migration ( this is called " diffusive equilibrium ").

If there is no coefficient before a chemical formula, the coefficient 1 is understood.

If the tip is small enough, such a configuration may allow indirect observation and recording of action potentials from a single cell, and is termed single-unit recording.

If two locations have different total chemical potentials for a species, some of it may be due to potentials associated with " external " force fields ( Electric potential energy differences, gravitational potential energy differences, etc.

If a gauge transformation θ is applied to the electron waves, for example, then one must also apply a corresponding transformation to the potentials that describe the electromagnetic waves.

If the Universe is dominated by radiation, or by dark energy, though, those potentials do evolve, subtly changing the energy of photons passing through them.

If the ion pumps are turned off by removing their energy source, or by adding an inhibitor such as ouabain, the axon can still fire hundreds of thousands of action potentials before their amplitudes begin to decay significantly.

If the generator potential reaches threshold, a volley of action potentials ( nerve impulses ) are triggered at the first node of Ranvier of the sensory neuron.

If the stimulus is removed, the corpuscle regains its shape and while doing so ( i. e.: while physically reforming ) causes another volley of action potentials to be generated.

If the total ionization potentials ( see below ) of the 2 electrons in s orbitals ( the 2 < sup > nd </ sup > + 3 < sup > rd </ sup > ionization potentials ), are examined it can be seen that they increase in the sequence:

If two pieces of audio equipment are plugged into different power outlets, there will often be a difference in their respective ground potentials.

If friction, absorption, electrical resistance or a similar energy conversion takes place that releases heat, the impact of that heat on thermodynamic potentials must be considered, and it is this impact that decreases the available energy.

If this potential reaches a certain threshold, nerve impulses or action potentials are formed by pressure-sensitive sodium channels at the first node of Ranvier, the first node of the myelinated sensory neuron.

If the local electrostatic potentials at two nearby locations are φ < sub > 1 </ sub > and φ < sub > 2 </ sub >, the Boltzmann relation for the electrons takes the form:

Spatial summation: If a cell is receiving input at two synapses that are near each other, their postsynaptic potentials add together.

If the cell is receiving two excitatory postsynaptic potentials, they combine so that the membrane potential is depolarized by the sum of the two changes.

If there are two inhibitory potentials, they also sum, and the membrane is hyperpolarized by that amount.

If the cell is receiving both inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, they can cancel out, or one can be stronger than the other, and the membrane potential will change by the difference between them.

If we examine the three types of change from the point of view of their internal structure we find an additional profound difference between the third and the first two, one that accounts for the notable difference between the responses they evoke.

If I now risk some comparisons with Sons And Lovers let it be clear that I am not comparing the two works or judging their merits ; ;

If nothing else, at least two good songs came out of the project, `` Out Of This World '' and `` June Comes Around Every Year ''.

If he were to go with White, he would be out there two days, not just listening in the dark at some point between here and Papa-san, but moving ever deeper into enemy land -- behind Papa-san -- itself.

Somebody, got to be somebody If I don't put my two cents in soon, somebody else will I know they're waitin only for one thing: for the bastards what done it to be nailed.

If we cluster together, the redcoats can make an advantage out of it, but there's not a blessed thing they can do with two or three of us except chase us, and we can outrun them ''.

If you've travelled in Europe a time or two, it is quite certain that you've had that wanting-to-be-alone feeling or that you will get it on your next visit across the Atlantic.

If A is the major axis of an ellipsoid and B and C are the other two axes, the radius of curvature in the ab plane at the end of the axis Af, and the difference in pressure along the A and B axes is Af.

If we try to study T using characteristic values, we are confronted with two problems.

If the distribution of the 71 items were wholly concordant in the two families, the distance would of course be 0.

If the patient can perceive figure kinesthetically when he cannot perceive it visually, then, it would seem, the sense of touch has immediate contact with the spatial aspects of things in independence of visual representations, at least in regard to two dimensions, and, as we shall see, even this much spatial awareness on the part of unaided touch is denied by the authors.

If a child loses a molar at the age of two, the adjoining teeth may shift toward the empty space, thus narrowing the place intended for the permanent ones and producing a jumble.

If you are not well acquainted with the area in which you wish to locate, or if you are not sure that you and your family will like and make a success of farming, usually you would do better to rent a place for a year or two before you buy.

If the change, at first sight, seems minor, we may recall that it took the Italian painters about two hundred years to make an analogous change, and the Italian painters, by universal consent, were the most brilliant group of geniuses any art has seen.

If we add to these contacts with friendly members the `` contacts with an organization of the church '' ( 11.2 per cent of the cases ), then a substantial two thirds of all recruitment is through friendly contact.

If the Orioles are to break their losing streak within the next two days, it will have to be at the expense of the American League champion New York Yankees, who come in here tomorrow for a night game and a single test Sunday afternoon.

If one takes the middle number, 5, and multiplies it by 3 ( the base number of the magic square of three ), the result is 15, which is also the constant sum of all the rows, columns, and two main diagonals.

If we look about the world today, we can see clearly that there are two especially significant factors shaping the future of our civilization: science and religion.

** Trichotomy: If two sets are given, then either they have the same cardinality, or one has a smaller cardinality than the other.

* If two small categories are weakly equivalent, then they are equivalent.

If the demands of these two sovereigns upon his duty of allegiance come into conflict, those of the United States have the paramount authority in American law ; likewise, those of the foreign land have paramount authority in their legal system.

If there is a mixture of only two types of atoms, not counting impurities, such as a copper-nickel alloy, then it is called a binary alloy.

* Let Q be a set enclosed between two step regions S and T. A step region is formed from a finite union of adjacent rectangles resting on a common base, i. e. S ⊆ Q ⊆ T. If there is a unique number c such that a ( S ) ≤ c ≤ a ( T ) for all such step regions S and T, then a ( Q )

If a tile is placed between two hotel chains of the same size, the individual player who places the tile decides which hotel chain remains on the board and which is acquired.

If two players tie for majority, they will share both shareholder bonuses.