If a particle and antiparticle are in the appropriate quantum states, then they can annihilate each other and produce other particles.

If denotes the quantum state of a particle ( n ) with momentum p, spin J whose component in the z-direction is σ, then one has

If the path of the particle or centre of mass of the rigid body passes through the given origin, its angular momentum is zero.

If we define r < sub > i </ sub > as the displacement of particle i from the center of mass, and v < sub > i </ sub > as the velocity of particle i with respect to the center of mass, then we have

If a particle of the beam crosses this surface, there will be some kind of interaction.

If we think of the atoms as impenetrable steel discs and the impinging particle as a bullet of negligible diameter, this ratio is the probability that the bullet will strike a steel disc, i. e., that the atomic projectile will be stopped by the foil.

If this acceleration is multiplied by the particle mass, the leading term is the centripetal force and the negative of the second term related to angular acceleration is sometimes called the Euler force.

If the depletion layer is large enough to catch the whole shower or to stop a heavy particle, a fairly accurate measurement of the particle ’ s energy can be made, simply by measuring the charge conducted and without the complexity of a magnetic spectrometer, etc.

If an elementary particle truly has no substructure, then it is one of the basic building blocks of the universe from which all other particles are made.

If the entire volume of the observable universe ( taken to be 3 × 10 < sup > 80 </ sup > m < sup > 3 </ sup >) were packed solid with fine dust particles about 1. 5 micrometres in size, then the number of different ways of ordering these particles ( that is, assigning the number 1 to one particle, then the number 2 to another particle, and so on until all particles are numbered ) would be approximately one googolplex.

If the particles are indistinguishable, this is impossible by definition ; either particle can be in either state.

If the particles are bosons, they occupy a totally symmetric state, which is symmetric under the exchange of any two particle labels:

If a force is applied to a particle for a time interval, the momentum of the particle changes by an amount

If the particle is moving at speed in the first frame of reference, in the second it is moving at speed

If a charged particle moves in an electromagnetic field, its kinematic momentum is not conserved.

If, e. g., u is the speed of a particle, then the straightforward notation for its velocity is u, < u > u </ u >, or.

If the photon energy is absorbed, some of the energy liberates the electron from the atom, and the rest contributes to the electron's kinetic energy as a free particle.

If the particle is in an eigenstate of position, then its momentum is completely unknown.

If the spin of a particle has a positive projection on its direction of motion then it is called left-handed ; otherwise, it is right-handed.

If Alice has a particle which is entangled with a particle owned by Bob, and Bob teleports it to Carol, then afterwards, Alice's particle is entangled with Carol's.

If the Department of State is to take primary responsibility for foreign policy in Washington, it follows that the ambassador is expected to take charge overseas.

If you would feel happier with full collision insurance, there is a small additional charge, again varying from country to country and depending on the term of such insurance.

If this threefold division of costs were to have its counterpart in the actual rates of charge for service, as it actually does have in some rates, there would result a three-part rate for any one class of service.

If a customer uses more than 300 GB a month, Bell will also be able to implement an additional charge of 75 cents per gigabyte.

where Q is the electric charge transferred through the surface over a time t. If Q and t are measured in coulombs and seconds respectively, I is in amperes.

If a person is to be punished criminally, then the contempt must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt, but once the charge is proven, then punishment ( such as a fine or, in more serious cases, imprisonment ) is imposed unconditionally.

If a similar ball is charged by the same glass rod, it is found to repel the first: the charge acts to force the two balls apart.

If no salt bridge were used, this charge difference would prevent further flow of electrons.

If the pH of the buffer is above the pI of the protein being run, the protein will migrate to the positive pole ( negative charge is attracted to a positive pole ).

If the pH of the buffer is below the pI of the protein being run, the protein will migrate to the negative pole of the gel ( positive charge is attracted to the negative pole ).

If the dye has the opposite charge, it is attracted to and retained by this coating, while the solvent soaks into the paper.

If there is no charge for which a two-thirds majority of the senators present vote " guilty ", the defendant is acquitted and no punishment is imposed.

If a charged Leyden jar is discharged by shorting the inner and outer coatings and left to sit for a few minutes, the jar will recover some of its previous charge, and a second spark can be obtained from it.

If both sides of this equation are divided by the volume of this small piece of the charge distribution dV, the result is:

If the monopoly were permitted to charge individualised prices ( this is termed third degree price discrimination ), the quantity produced, and the price charged to the marginal customer, would be identical to that of a competitive company, thus eliminating the deadweight loss ; however, all gains from trade ( social welfare ) would accrue to the monopolist and none to the consumer.

If the hairs on the back of the moose's neck and shoulders ( hackles ) stand up, a charge is usually immanent.

If the user opens the protective sliding door that covers the pins, the processor can be exposed to any electric charge the user has built up.

If the user has built up a substantial charge, the discharge can jump around the door's edge or pass through the door itself ( dielectric breakdown ).

If this were not the case, then police would be free to plant drugs on innocent people one second and charge them with criminal possession the next.

" If they charge you with falsehood, say: ' For me are my deeds and for you are your deeds!

If one finds a stranded whale corpse, one is in charge of holding the funeral for the " Lord " as if it was one's own parent.

If an electric boat has sails as well, and will be used in deep water ( deeper than about 15 m or 50 ft ), then a towed generator can help build up battery charge while sailing ( there is no point in trailing such a generator while under electric propulsion as the extra drag from the generator would waste more electricity than it generates ).

* If the boat has an internal combustion engine anyway, then its alternator will provide significant charge when it is running.