If the list is a statistical sample, we call the resulting statistic a sample mean.

If elements in the sample space increase arithmetically, when placed in some order, then the median and arithmetic average are equal.

If the concentration of element or compound in a sample is too high for the detection range of the technique, it can simply be diluted in a pure solvent.

If the amount in the sample is below an instrument's range of measurement, the method of addition can be used.

If are independent and identically distributed random variables, each with a standard Cauchy distribution, then the sample mean has the same standard Cauchy distribution ( the sample median, which is not affected by extreme values, can be used as a measure of central tendency ).

If this critical sample is obtained at the time of hypoglycemia, before it is reversed, it can provide information that would otherwise require a hospital admission and unpleasant starvation testing.

If the degree of underrepresentation is small, the sample can be treated as a reasonable approximation to a random sample.

If entire segments of the population are excluded from a sample, then there are no adjustments that can produce estimates that are representative of the entire population.

If the data set were based on a series of observations obtained by sampling from a statistical population, the arithmetic mean is termed the " sample mean " () to distinguish it from the " population mean " ( or < sub > x </ sub >).

If an upregulated gene is observed by an abundance of mRNA on the northern blot the sample can then be sequenced to determine if the gene is known to researchers or if it is a novel finding.

If we assemble a deck of 52 playing cards with no jokers, and draw a single card from the deck, then the sample space is a 52-element set, as each card is a possible outcome.

If we do not alter the system, then the parameter λ is unchanged from measurement to measurement ; if, on the other hand, we modulate the system by replacing the sample with a more radioactive one, then the parameter λ would increase.

If the parameter " dopefish " is added to the executable, a sample of burping is heard and Scott's Mystical Head is seen spinning in circles on the screen.

If subgroups ' variances differ significantly and the data need to be stratified by variance, then there is no way to make the subgroup sample sizes proportional ( at the same time ) to the subgroups ' sizes within the total population.

If the tip is moved across the sample in the x-y plane, the changes in surface height and density of states cause changes in current.

If the beam enters the sample perpendicular to the surface, then the activated region is uniform about the axis of the beam and a certain number of electrons " escape " from within the sample.

If all of the are drawn from the same distribution and the integer weights indicate frequency of occurrence in the sample, then the unbiased estimator of the weighted population variance is given by

If the collected sample contains too few sperm cells to likely have a spontaneous fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection can be performed.

If it is desired to sample more of the exponential electron portion of the characteristic, an asymmetric double probe may be used, with one electrode larger than the other.

If the patient is infected with H. pylori, the breath sample will contain radioactive carbon dioxide.

If the Af bond is linear then there are three reasonable positions for the hydrogen atoms: ( 1 ) The hydrogen atoms are centered and hence all lie on a sheet midway between the oxygen sheets ; ;

If there is a mixture of only two types of atoms, not counting impurities, such as a copper-nickel alloy, then it is called a binary alloy.

If there are three types of atoms forming the mixture, such as iron, nickel and chromium, then it is called a ternary alloy.

If the two carbon atoms at the double bond are linked to a different number of hydrogen atoms, the halogen is found preferentially at the carbon with fewer hydrogen substituents ( Markovnikov's rule ).

If there is a tie, we must consider the atoms at distance 2 from the stereocenter — as a list is made for each group of the atoms bonded to the one directly attached to the stereocenter.

If there is still a tie, each atom in each of the two lists is replaced with a sub-list of the other atoms bonded to it ( at distance 3 from the stereocenter ), the sub-lists are arranged in decreasing order of atomic number, and the entire structure is again compared atom by atom.

If an atom A is double-bonded to an atom B, A is treated as being singly bonded to two atoms: B and a ghost atom that has the same atomic number as B but is not attached to anything except A.

If we think of the atoms as impenetrable steel discs and the impinging particle as a bullet of negligible diameter, this ratio is the probability that the bullet will strike a steel disc, i. e., that the atomic projectile will be stopped by the foil.

If it is the fraction of impinging atoms getting through the foil which is measured, the result can still be expressed in terms of the equivalent stopping cross section of the atoms.

If the sheet contains regions where the number of atoms in a ring is different from six, while the total number of atoms remains the same, a topological defect has formed.

If the third layer is placed so that its atoms are directly above those of the first layer, the stacking will be ABA — this is the hcp structure, and it continues ABABABAB.

If a diatomic molecule consists of two atoms of the same element, such as H < sub > 2 </ sub > and O < sub > 2 </ sub >, then it is said to be homonuclear, but otherwise it is heteronuclear.

If this binding energy is higher than the energy provided by kicks from oscillating atoms in the conductor ( which is true at low temperatures ), then the electron pair will stick together and resist all kicks, thus not experiencing resistance.

Since counter-clockwise may be defined in terms of up, forward, and right, this experiment unambiguously differentiates left from right using only natural elements: If they were reversed, or the atoms spun clockwise, the radiation would follow the spin axis instead of being opposite to it.

If the ions have high enough energy, they can knock atoms out of the material to be etched without a chemical reaction.

If the group of atoms is in thermal equilibrium, it can be shown from thermodynamics that the ratio of the number of atoms in each state is given by a Boltzmann distribution:

If light ( photons ) of frequency ν < sub > 12 </ sub > pass through the group of atoms, there is a possibility of the light being absorbed by atoms which are in the ground state, which will cause them to be excited to the higher energy state.

If the circumstances are faced frankly it is not reasonable to expect this to be true.

If his dancers are sometimes made to look as if they might be creatures from Mars, this is consistent with his intention of placing them in the orbit of another world, a world in which they are freed of their pedestrian identities.

If a work is divided into several large segments, a last-minute drawing of random numbers may determine the order of the segments for any particular performance.

If they avoid the use of the pungent, outlawed four-letter word it is because it is taboo ; ;

If Wilhelm Reich is the Moses who has led them out of the Egypt of sexual slavery, Dylan Thomas is the poet who offers them the Dionysian dialectic of justification for their indulgence in liquor, marijuana, sex, and jazz.

If he is the child of nothingness, if he is the predestined victim of an age of atomic wars, then he will consult only his own organic needs and go beyond good and evil.

If it is an honest feeling, then why should she not yield to it??

If he thus achieves a lyrical, dreamlike, drugged intensity, he pays the price for his indulgence by producing work -- Allen Ginsberg's `` Howl '' is a striking example of this tendency -- that is disoriented, Dionysian but without depth and without Apollonian control.

If love reflects the nature of man, as Ortega Y Gasset believes, if the person in love betrays decisively what he is by his behavior in love, then the writers of the beat generation are creating a new literary genre.

If he is good, he may not be legal ; ;

If the man on the sidewalk is surprised at this question, it has served as an exclamation.

If the existent form is to be retained new factors that reinforce it must be introduced into the situation.

If we remove ourselves for a moment from our time and our infatuation with mental disease, isn't there something absurd about a hero in a novel who is defeated by his infantile neurosis??

If many of the characters in contemporary novels appear to be the bloodless relations of characters in a case history it is because the novelist is often forgetful today that those things that we call character manifest themselves in surface behavior, that the ego is still the executive agency of personality, and that all we know of personality must be discerned through the ego.

If he is a traditionalist, he is an eclectic traditionalist.

If our sincerity is granted, and it is granted, the discrepancy can only be explained by the fact that we have come to believe hearsay and legend about ourselves in preference to an understanding gained by earnest self-examination.

If to be innocent is to be helpless, then I had been -- as are we all -- helpless at the start.